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C++ Essentials

Inputs and outputs

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}
  • The above code can also be simplified as below:

    int main(){
        printf("Hello, World!")
        return 0;
    }
  • To read a user input in C++, cin is used as shown below:

    int main(){
        string some_user_input;
        cin >> some_user_input;
        cout << "User entered " << some_user_input << endl;
        return 0;
    }
  • There are instances when you want to take in numerous user inputs. scanf and printf are used in such cases:

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    using namespace std;
    
    int main(){
        int integer;
        int64_t long_int;
        char character;
        float float_num;
        double double_num; 
        scanf("%d %ld %c %f %lf", &integer, &long_int, &character, &float_num, &double_num);
        printf("%d\n%ld\n%c\n%f\n%lf", integer, long_int, character, float_num, double_num);
        return 0;
      }
  • A sample output of the above program is shown below:

    3
    12345678912345
    a
    334.230
    14049.304930000

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