Extended JSON Patch

This specification extends JSON Patch (RFC6902).

Extended JSON Patch defines an extension to JSON Patch RFC6902 to add support for

• testing target location existence and value type
• text editing operations to apply changes to specific parts of the string values

• Motivation
• Changes
• Added and changed operations
  • test
    • Testing value
    • Testing existence
    • Testing value type
  • Text editing and testing
    • Position in text
    • add-text
    • remove-text
    • replace-text
    • move-text
    • copy-text
    • test-text

• RFC6902 allows for object and array changes that are defined differently for the same operation, but it doesn't provide a way to ensure that the value is an array or an object, so it can lead to unpredictable results.
• Some operations require that a member exists for an operation to succeed, but this requirement is implicit and can be confusing. Also, in some cases you may want to just test the presense of a certain member without performing any action with it.
• RFC6902 only allows replacing the whole string values - it is difficult to understand what the change was with large multiline strings.

• Type and location existence tests. Extended JSON Patch extends "test" operation defined in RFC6902 to allow testing for a target location type.
• Multi-line text editing. Extended JSON Patch defines "edit" operation that allows to apply changes to large string value with a minimal size of the patch.

The "test" operation is extended: it can test one of the following:

• that a value at the target location is equal to a specified value, as defined in RFC6902,
• that the value at the target location has a specified type,
• that the target location exists.

The operation object MAY contain a "value" member, as per RFC6902, or the "type" member that conveys the type to be compared to the target location's type.

If the operation object contains both "value" and "type" members the operation MUST fail.

If the operation object contains "value" member it behaves as defined in RFC6902.

If the operation object contains neither "value" nor "type" members, the operation tests for the existence of the target location.

The target location MUST exist for the operation to be considered successful.

Example:

{ "op": "test", "path": "/a/b/c" }

If the operation object contains "type" value, then the target location type MUST be equal to the "type" value for the operation to be considered successful.

The target location MUST exist for the operation to be considered successful.

The following types can be tested by this operation: "string", "number", "array", "object", "integer", "boolean", "null".

• For the types "string", "number", "array" or "object" the target location value MUST be, respectively, string, number, array or object for the operation to succeed.
• For the type "integer", the target location value MUST be a number without a fractional part or with a zero fractional part for the operation to succeed (i.e. both 1 and 1.0 are considered to have "integer" type).
• For the type "boolean", the target location value MUST be a literal true or false for the operation to succeed.
• For the type "null", the target location value MUST be a literal null for the operation to succeed.

Example:

{ "op": "test", "path": "/a/b/c", "type": "array" }

If the type test fails, the application of the entire patch document MUST fail (as defined in Error Handling) section of RFC6902.

Example patch with all text operations:

[
  {
    "op": "test",
    "path": "/foo",
    "type": "string"
  },
  {
    "op": "add-text",
    "path": "/foo",
    "pos": {"line": 0},
    "text": "Hello there\n"
  },
  {
    "op": "remove-text",
    "path": "/foo",
    "pos": {"line": 0, "col": 6},
    "endPos": {"line": 0, "col": 11}
  },
  {
    "op": "replace-text",
    "path": "/foo",
    "pos": {"line": 0, "col": 0},
    "endPos": {"line": 0, "col": 5},
    "text": "eyH"
  },
  {
    "op": "move-text",
    "from": "/foo",
    "fromPos": {"index": 2},
    "fromEndPos": {"index": 3},
    "path": "/foo",
    "pos": {"index": 0}
  },
  {
    "op": "copy-text",
    "from": "/foo",
    "fromPos": {"line": 0, "col": 0},
    "fromEndPos": {"line": 0, "col": 3},
    "path": "/foo",
    "pos": {"line": 0, "col": 4}
  },
  {
    "op": "test-text",
    "path": "/foo",
    "pos": {"line": 0},
    "endPos": {"line": 1},
    "text": "Hey Hey"
  }
]

Text editing operations use objects that define the position in text. A position object MUST be one of the following:

• it MUST contain a member "index" that designates a zero-based index of the character in the string. All characters are considered occupying exactly one index regardless how many bytes they use and how many columns they occupy.
• it MUST contain a member "line" with an optional member "column" that designate a zero-based line and column numbers of the position in the text. "column" member defaults to 0 if absent.

If position object contains any of the following combindations of members the operation MUST fail:

• "index" and "line"
• "index" and "column"
• neither "index" nor "line" member

Whitespace:

• the only character that increases line number is line feed ('\n'), so if your JSON string has '\r\n' sequence, it will still be counted as one line,
• both '\r' and '\n' are counted as a character when determining index (it is possible to slice sections of JSON string using index property), but column counter is reset when '\r' or '\n' is encountered,
• tabs ('\t') are counted as four spaces when determining column but as a single character for index. The PATCH request may specify a different tab size.

The text position is considerent existing in the string if the number of lines in the string is greater or equal than "line" member (if present), and the number of columns in the specified "line" is greater or equal than "column" member (if present), and the number of characters in the string is greater or equal than "index" member (if present).

Text positions range is defined as the array of two text positions. The range is considered valid if both text positions exist in the string and the second text position is later in the text that the first.

The "add-text" operation adds text to a target position in the string in the target location.

The operation object MUST contain:

• a "text" member with a string value whose content specifies the text to be added inside a string at a targer location.
• a "pos" member with a text position object whose contents specify the text position where the text from "text" member will be added as a result of the operation.

For the operation to succeed, the target location MUST exist, it MUST contain a string value, and the text position MUST exist in this string (see Position in text).

Example:

{
  "op": "add-text",
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 0},
  "text": "Hello there\n"
}

If the value of the object modified with the patch was {"foo": "Welcome!"}, it will become {"foo": "Hello there\nWelcome!"} after the patch is applied.

The "remove-text" operation removes the text from the string at the target location between target text positions.

The operation object MUST contain a "pos" and "endPos" members with a text position objects whose contents specify the text positions between which the text will be removed from the string.

For the operation to succeed, the target location MUST exist, it MUST contain a string value, and the text position range ["pos", "endPos"] MUST be valid (see Position in text).

Example:

{
  "op": "remove-text",
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 0, "col": 6},
  "endPos": {"line": 0, "col": 11}
}

If the value of the object modified with the patch was {"foo": "Hello there\nWelcome!"}, it will become {"foo": "Hello \nWelcome!"} after the patch is applied.

The "remove-text" operation replaces the text in the string at the target location between target text positions with a new text.

The operation object MUST contain:

• a "text" member with a string value whose content specifies the replacement text.
• a "pos" and "endPos" members with a text position objects whose contents specify the text positions between which the text will be replaced in the string with a new text.

For the operation to succeed, the target location MUST exist, it MUST contain a string value, and the text position range ["pos", "endPos"] MUST be valid (see Position in text).

{
  "op": "replace-text",
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 0, "col": 0},
  "endPos": {"line": 0, "col": 5},
  "text": "eyH"
}

This operation is functionally identical to a "remove-text" operation for a text, followed immediately by an "add-text" operation at the same location with the replacement text.

If the value of the object modified with the patch was {"foo": "Hello \nWelcome!"}, it will become {"foo": "eyH \nWelcome!"} after the patch is applied.

The "move-text" operation removes the text from the string at the specified location between specified text positions and adds it to a target position in the string in the target location.

The operation object MUST contain:

• a "from" member, which is a string containing a JSON Pointer value that references the location in the target document to move the text from.
• a "fromPos" and "fromEndPos" members with a text position objects whose contents specify the text positions between which the text will be removed to be added to a target location.
• a "pos" member with a text position object whose contents specify the text position where the text from "text" member will be added as a result of the operation.

For the operation to succeed:

• the specified "from" and target ("path") locations MUST exist
• both "from" and target locations MUST contain string values
• the text position range ["fromPos" and "fromEndPos"] MUST be a valid range in the string at "from" location (see Position in text).
• target text postion "pos" MUST exist in the string at the target location.

If the "from" location is the same as the target location, the text is moved withing the same string. In this case the target text position defines the position in the string after the text was removed and this position MUST exist in the modified string.

Example:

{
  "op": "move-text",
  "from": "/foo",
  "fromPos": {"index": 2},
  "fromEndPos": {"index": 3},
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"index": 0}
}

This operation is functionally identical to a "remove-text" operation on the "from" location with the text positions specified by "fromPos" and "fromEndPos" followed immediately by an "add-text" operation at the target location and the text position with the text that was just removed.

If the value of the object modified with the patch was {"foo": "eyH \nWelcome!"}, it will become {"foo": "Hey \nWelcome!"} after the patch is applied.

The "copy-text" operation copies the text in the string at the specified location between specified text positions to the target position in the string in the target location.

The operation object MUST contain:

• a "from" member, which is a string containing a JSON Pointer value that references the location in the target document to move the text from.
• a "fromPos" and "fromEndPos" members with a text position objects whose contents specify the text positions between which the text will be removed to be added to a target location.
• a "pos" member with a text position object whose contents specify the text position where the text from "text" member will be added as a result of the operation.

For the operation to succeed:

• the specified "from" and target ("path") locations MUST exist
• both "from" and target locations MUST contain string values
• the text position range ["fromPos" and "fromEndPos"] MUST be a valid range in the string at "from" location (see Position in text).
• target text postion "pos" MUST exist in the string at the target location.

If the "from" location is the same as the target location, the text is copied withing the same string. The target text position MAY be between the specified positions to copy the text from.

Example:

{
  "op": "copy-text",
  "from": "/foo",
  "fromPos": {"line": 0, "col": 0},
  "fromEndPos": {"line": 0, "col": 3},
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 0, "col": 4}
}

This operation is functionally identical to an "add-text" operation at the target location and the text position with the text that was copied from the specified location and positions in the "from", "fromPos" and "fromEndPos" members.

If the value of the object modified with the patch was {"foo": "Hey \nWelcome!"}, it will become {"foo": "Hey Hey\nWelcome!"} after the patch is applied.

The "text-text" operation can be used to test the equality of the text; to test the existence of text position and the validity of the text position range.

The "test-text" operation can be used to test that a text at the target location and the text position is equal to a specified text.

In this case the operation object MUST contain:

• a "text" member with a string value whose content specifies the replacement text.
• a "pos" and "endPos" members with a text position objects whose contents specify the text positions between which the text will be replaced in the string with a new text.

For the operation to succeed, the target location MUST exist, it MUST contain a string value, the text position range ["pos", "endPos"] MUST be valid (see Position in text) and the text between specified positions MUST be equal to the specified text.

Example:

{
  "op": "test-text",
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 0},
  "endPos": {"line": 1},
  "text": "Hey Hey"
}

If the value of the object to which the patch is applied is {"foo": "Hey Hey\nWelcome!"}, the operation will succeed.

The "test-text" operation can be used to test that the target text position exists in a string at the target location.

In this case the operation object MUST contain a "pos" member with a text position object.

For the operation to succeed, the target location MUST exist, it MUST contain a string value and the text position MUST exist in this string (see Position in text).

Example:

{
  "op": "test-text",
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 1}
}

If the value of the object to which the patch is applied is {"foo": "Hey Hey\nWelcome!"}, the operation will succeed.

If the value of the object to which the patch is applied is {"foo": "Hey Hey"}, the operation will fail because the string has only one line.

The "test-text" operation can be used to test that the target text positions range exists in a string at the target location.

In this case the operation object MUST contain a "pos" and "endPos" members with a text position objects whose contents specify the text positions between which the text will be replaced in the string with a new text.

For the operation to succeed, the target location MUST exist, it MUST contain a string value, the text position range ["pos", "endPos"] MUST be valid (see Position in text) and the "endPos" text position should be later in the text than "pos" text position.

Example:

{
  "op": "test-text",
  "path": "/foo",
  "pos": {"line": 0},
  "endPos": {"line": 1}
}

If the value of the object to which the patch is applied is {"foo": "Hey Hey\nWelcome!"}, the operation will succeed.

If the value of the object to which the patch is applied is {"foo": "Hey Hey"}, the operation will fail because the string has only one line.