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amirgholami avatar amirgholami commented on June 15, 2024

Hi Nestor,

Yes you can use Gaussian random numbers as well. However, Rademacher random numbers have better convergence. For details please see the following paper:

Ubaru S, Chen J, Saad Y. Fast Estimation of tr(f(A)) via Stochastic Lanczos Quadrature. SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications. 2017;38(4):1075-99.

Best,
-Amir

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nestordemeure avatar nestordemeure commented on June 15, 2024

As I understand it, Theorem 4.3 in the paper gives a better bound for the Rademacher distribution (compared to the Gaussian distribution) but it is a lower bound on the number of samples required to be precise and not a proof that it will perform better in general (as those are not tight bounds). The following paper shows (using both bounds and experiments) that the best estimator varies as a function of the properties of the matrix studied:

Improved bounds on sample size for implicit matrix trace estimators

Hence my question, an empirical study might reveal a better estimator for the type of matrix produced when looking at the hessian of neural networks (however I do not expect another estimator to yield huge benefits).

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