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CommonJS规范
CommonJS 规范是为了解决 JavaScript 的作用域
问题而定义的模块形式,可以使每个模块它自身的命名空间中执行。该规范的主要内容是,模块必须通过
module.exports 导出对外的变量或接口,通过 require() 来导入其他模块的输出到当前模块作用域中。
CommonJS 是同步加载模块,但其实也有浏览器端的实现,其原理是现将所有模块都定义好并通过 id 索引,这样就可以方便的在浏览器环境中解析了,可以参考
require1k 和 tiny-browser-require 的源码来理解其解析(resolve)的过程。
ps
: 在ES6之前,最主要的有CommonJS和AMD两种模块加载方案。前者用于服务器,后者用于浏览器。ES6在语言规格的层面上,实现了模块功能,而且实现得相当简单,完全可以取代现有的CommonJS和AMD规范,成为浏览器和服务器通用的模块解决方案.
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