Pycurl-vs-Requests

A cheatsheet for comparison between pycurl and requests.

All the example code are run on Python 3+.

Why do we do the Comparison?

requests is popular among Python developers because of its human-friendly api. pycurl, on the other hand, is hard-coding but with better performance.

From the view of functionality, requests is dedicated to HTTP protocol; pycurl, instead, supports various protocols like HTTP, SMTP, FTP and so forth.

We do the comparison over the HTTP methods between two libraries especially for the apis both provide.

How to Contribute?

Feel free to contribute your knowledge of these two libraries. Just edit the Functionality Comparison part in the README.md file as the following format:

Functionality Name

The description of functionality comparison result. requests:

    print('Here is your example code of requests')

pycurl:

    print('Here is your example code of pycurl')

Functionality Comparison

Get

Requests provides a simple way to conduct Http GET; In contrast, pycurl's method is not as friendly as requests'.

requests:

    # Send the requests
    import requests
    res = requests.get('https://www.google.com')

    # Get the result
    res.status_code  # 200
    res.encoding     # 'Big5'

pycurl:

    # Send the requests
    import pycurl
    from io import BytesIO
    b = BytesIO()
    c = pycurl.Curl()
    c.setopt(c.URL, 'https://www.google.com')
    c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, b)
    c.perform() 
    c.close()

    # Get the result
    c.getinfo(pycurl.HTTP_CODE) # 200
    c.getinfo(pycurl.CONTENT_TYPE) # 'text/html; charset=Big5'

Get Header info of response

requests has handle headers with an very elegant way. If you want to retreive headers information, a parsing function must be used.

requests:

    res.headers

pycurl:

    # Header function is used to parse the header from the response
    headers = {}
    def header_function(header_line):
        header_line = header_line.decode('iso-8859-1')
        if ':' not in header_line:
            return
        name, value = header_line.split(':', 1)
        name = name.strip()
        value = value.strip()
        name = name.lower()
        headers[name] = value
    c = pycurl.Curl()
    c.setopt(pycurl.URL, 'https://www.google.com')
    c.setopt(pycurl.HEADERFUNCTION, header_function)
    c.perform()
    print(headers)

Set User-Agent

requests:

    headers = {}
    headers['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36'
    res = requests.get('https://www.google.com', headers=headers)

pycurl:

    c = pycurl.Curl()
    c.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, [
        'accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
        'accept-language:en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.6,zh;q=0.4,zh-CN;q=0.2'])
    # Cookie is needed to view google.com.
    c.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEFILE, "") 
    c.setopt(pycurl.URL, 'https://www.google.com')
    c.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT, 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36')
    c.perform()

Post

requests:

    res = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data={'user': 'yudazilian', 'password': '12345'})

pycurl:

    c = pycurl.Curl()
    c.setopt(pycurl.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/post')
    c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1)
    c.setopt(pycurl.HTTPPOST, [('user', 'yudazilian'), ('password', '12345')])
    c.perform()

Cookie

Requests' cookie accepts dict-like object; Pycurl however, uses the raw string. Besides, pycurl.Curl() function creates a session object just as what requests.session did.

requests:

    s = requests.session()
    s.get('', cookies={'From': 'Ur Browser'})

pycurl:

    c = pycurl.Curl()
    c.setopt(pycurl.URL, '')
    c.setopt('https://www.google.com', 'Raw Cookie String')

Set Socks Proxy

Surprisingly, Pycurl's proxy setting is as simple as requests.

requests:

    proxies = {
        'http':  'socks5://localhost:9050',
        'https': 'socks5://localhost:9050')
    }
    requests.get('https://httpbin.org/post', proxies=proxies)

pycurl:

    c = python.Curl()
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXY, 'socks5://localhost')
    c.setopt(pycurl.PROXYPORT, 9050)
    c.perform()

Choose SSL/TLS version

Requests seems to use the latest SSL/TLS version automatically when users do operations through https. (Super handy!) Therefore, it seems it doesn't provide a direct way for developers to choose versions.

To check which SSL/TLS version your requests are using, please check the ssl library:

    import ssl
    ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION

If the ssl version you want does not included in the ssl libaray, please update your python ssl package.

In pycurl, it allows developers to choose SSL/TLS version manually. (I AM NOT SURE IF IT USES THE LATEST VERSION OF SSL/TLS or not AS DEFAULT) The SSL versions which curl supports are list here

pycurl also provides the options such like "Should the peers provides the certification that curl verified?" and "Does the server provide the curl-authentic certifications or not?" I guess these are all used as a protection from Man-in-middle attack.

Form more information please take a look for below links: CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER

requests:

    res = requests.get('https://www.google.com')

pycurl:

    c = python.Curl()
    c.setopt(pycurl.SSL_OPTIONS, pycurl.SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2) 
    c.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1)
    c.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2)

Send a HEAD Request

pycurl:

    
    curl.setopt(curl.NOBODY, True)

Lisence

MIT

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