官网地址:https://cmake.org/
文档参考地址:https://blog.csdn.net/afei__/article/details/81201039
PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR:工程的根目录
PROJECT_BINARY_DIR:运行 cmake 命令的目录,通常是 ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/build
PROJECT_NAME:返回通过 project 命令定义的项目名称
CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR:当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 所在的路径
CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR:target 编译目录
CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR:CMakeLists.txt 的完整路径
CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_LINE:当前所在的行
CMAKE_MODULE_PATH:定义自己的 cmake 模块所在的路径,SET(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake),然后用INCLUDE命令来调用自己的模块
EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH:重新定义目标二进制可执行文件的存放位置
LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH:重新定义目标链接库文件的存放位置
使用环境变量
$ENV{Name}
写入环境变量
set(ENV{Name} value) # 这里没有“$”符号
CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION:cmake 主版本号,比如 3.4.1 中的 3
CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION:cmake 次版本号,比如 3.4.1 中的 4
CMAKE_PATCH_VERSION:cmake 补丁等级,比如 3.4.1 中的 1
CMAKE_SYSTEM:系统名称,比如 Linux-2.6.22
CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME:不包含版本的系统名,比如 Linux
CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION:系统版本,比如 2.6.22
CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR:处理器名称,比如 i686
UNIX:在所有的类 UNIX 平台下该值为 TRUE,包括 OS X 和 cygwin
WIN32:在所有的 win32 平台下该值为 TRUE,包括 cygwin
主要开关选项
BUILD_SHARED_LIBS:这个开关用来控制默认的库编译方式,如果不进行设置,使用 add_library 又没有指定库类型的情况下,默认编译生成的库都是静态库。如果 set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON) 后,默认生成的为动态库
CMAKE_C_FLAGS:设置 C 编译选项,也可以通过指令 add_definitions() 添加
CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:设置 C++ 编译选项,也可以通过指令 add_definitions() 添加
add_definitions(-DENABLE_DEBUG -DABC) # 参数之间用空格分隔
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16.3)
project(MyProject)
add_executable(main main.cpp)
add_library(common STATIC test.cpp)
add_library(common SHARED test.cpp)
linux
libtest.a 静态库
libtest.so 动态库
windows
test.lib 静态库
test.dll 动态库
add_library(demo demo.cpp test.cpp util.cpp)
aux_source_directory(. SRC_LIST) # 搜索当前目录下的所有.cpp文件
add_library(demo ${SRC_LIST})
file(GLOB SRC_LIST "*.cpp" "protocol/*.cpp")
add_library(demo ${SRC_LIST})
或者
file(GLOB SRC_LIST "*.cpp")*
file(GLOB SRC_PROTOCOL_LIST "protocol/*\.cpp")
add_library(demo ${SRC_LIST} ${SRC_PROTOCOL_LIST})
或者
aux_source_directory(. SRC_LIST)
aux_source_directory(protocol SRC_PROTOCOL_LIST)
add_library(demo ${SRC_LIST} ${SRC_PROTOCOL_LIST})
find_library(VAR name path)查找到指定的预编译库,并将它的路径存储在变量中。 默认的搜索路径为 cmake 包含的系统库,因此如果是 NDK 的公共库只需要指定库的 name 即可。
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.log-lib
# Specifies the name of the NDK library that
# you want CMake to locate.log )
类似的命令还有 find_file()、find_path()、find_program()、find_package()。
设置包含的目录
include_directories(
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
)
Linux 下还可以通过如下方式设置包含的目录
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -I${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
link_directories(
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs
)
Linux 下还可以通过如下方式设置包含的目录
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -L${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs")
target_link_libraries( # 目标库 demo
# 目标库需要链接的库
# log-lib 是上面 find_library 指定的变量名
${log-lib} )
在 Windows 下,系统会根据链接库目录,搜索xxx.lib 文件,Linux 下会搜索 xxx.so 或者 xxx.a 文件,如果都存在会优先链接动态库(so 后缀)。
target_link_libraries(demo libface.a) # 链接libface.a
target_link_libraries(demo libface.so) # 链接libface.so
指定全路径
target_link_libraries(demo ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/libface.a)
target_link_libraries(demo ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/libface.so)
指定链接多个库
target_link_libraries(demo
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/libface.a
boost_system.a
boost_thread
pthread)
set 直接设置变量的值
set(SRC_LIST main.cpp test.cpp)
add_executable(demo ${SRC_LIST})
set 追加设置变量的值
set(SRC_LIST main.cpp)
set(SRC_LIST ${SRC_LIST} test.cpp)
add_executable(demo ${SRC_LIST})
list 追加或者删除变量的值
set(SRC_LIST main.cpp)
list(APPEND SRC_LIST test.cpp)
list(REMOVE_ITEM SRC_LIST main.cpp)
add_executable(demo ${SRC_LIST})
if…elseif…else…endif
if (expression):expression 不为空(0,N,NO,OFF,FALSE,NOTFOUND)时为真
if (not exp):与上面相反
if (var1 AND var2)
if (var1 OR var2)
if (COMMAND cmd):如果 cmd 确实是命令并可调用为真
if (EXISTS dir) if (EXISTS file):如果目录或文件存在为真
if (file1 IS_NEWER_THAN file2):当 file1 比 file2 新,或 file1/file2 中有一个不存在时为真,文件名需使用全路径
if (IS_DIRECTORY dir):当 dir 是目录时为真
if (DEFINED var):如果变量被定义为真
if (var MATCHES regex):给定的变量或者字符串能够匹配正则表达式 regex 时为真,此处 var 可以用 var 名,也可以用 ${var}
if (string MATCHES regex)
if (variable LESS number):LESS 小于
if (string LESS number)
if (variable GREATER number):GREATER 大于
if (string GREATER number)
if (variable EQUAL number):EQUAL 等于
if (string EQUAL number)
字母表顺序比较:
if (variable STRLESS string)
if (string STRLESS string)
if (variable STRGREATER string)
if (string STRGREATER string)
if (variable STREQUAL string)
if (string STREQUAL string)
示例:
if(MSVC)
set(LINK_LIBS common)
else()
set(boost_thread boost_log.a boost_system.a)
endif()
target_link_libraries(demo ${LINK_LIBS})
或者
if(UNIX)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -fpermissive -g")
else()
add_definitions(-D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
-D_WIN32_WINNT=0x601
-D_WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS)
endif()
if(${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} MATCHES "debug")
...
else()
...
endif()
10.2 while…endwhile
while(condition)
...
endwhile()
10.3 foreach…endforeach
foreach(loop_var RANGE start stop [step])
...
endforeach(loop_var)
start 表示起始数,stop 表示终止数,step 表示步长,示例:
foreach(i RANGE 1 9 2)
message(${i})
endforeach(i)
message(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
message("build with debug mode")
message(WARNING "this is warnning message")
message(FATAL_ERROR "this build has many error") # FATAL_ERROR 会导致编译失败
include(./common.cmake) # 指定包含文件的全路径
include(def) # 在搜索路径中搜索def.cmake文件
set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake) # 设置include的搜索路径
1.signalFile
├── CMakeLists.txt └── main.cpp
CMakeLists.txt
project(cmaketest) #项目名字
set(src_list main.cpp) #引入源文件 指定名字
add_executable(main ${src_list})#mian是可执行文件名字 注意main和cmaketest可以相同 也可以不一样
为了生成不混乱,我们这样
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
./main
2.multipleFileInSameDirectory
├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp ├── MyMath.cpp └── MyMath.h
CMakeLists.txt
project(cmaketest)
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)#引入源文件 泛指文件
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
3.multipleFileInDifferentDirectory
├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp └── math ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── MyMath.cpp └── MyMath.h
根目录 CMakeLists.txt
project(cmaketest)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math") #头文件位置
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)
add_subdirectory(math) #添加子目录位置
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(main MathFunctions) #链接子目录动态库
子目录CMakeLists.txt
aux_source_directory(. DIR_LIB_SRCS)
add_library(MathFunctions ${DIR_LIB_SRCS})#子目录生成动态库
4.CustomCompilation
├── CMakeLists.txt ├── config.h.in ├── main.cpp └── math ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── MyMath.cpp └── MyMath.h
config.h.in
#cmakedefine use_mymath #cmake 宏定义
根目录 CMakeLists.txt
project(cmaketest)
configure_file(
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
) #当执行 camke 会在build目录生成config.h
option(use_mymath "use provided math implementation" on)
if(use_mymath)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
add_subdirectory(math)
set(extra_libs ${extra_Libs} MathFunctions)
endif(use_mymath)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(main ${extra_libs})
子目录CMakeLists.txt
aux_source_directory(. DIR_LIB_SRCS)
add_library(MathFunctions ${DIR_LIB_SRCS})
5.installAndTest
├── CMakeLists.txt ├── config.h.in ├── main.cpp └── math ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── MyMath.cpp └── MyMath.h
根目录 CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(cmaketest)
configure_file(
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
)
option(USE_MYMATH "use provided math implementation" on)
if(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
add_subdirectory(math)
set(extra_libs ${extra_Libs} MathFunctions)
endif(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(main ${extra_libs})
install (TARGETS main DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
# 启用测试
enable_testing()
# 测试程序是否成功运行
add_test (test_run main 5 2)
macro (do_test arg1 arg2 result)
add_test (test_${arg1}_${arg2} main ${arg1} ${arg2})
set_tests_properties (test_${arg1}_${arg2}
PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)
do_test (5 2 "25")
do_test (10 5 "100000")
do_test (2 10 "1024")
执行如下指令
mkdir build
cd build
ccmake .. #进入交互界面
make
make test
make install
6.gdb-environment-macro
根目录 CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(cmaketest)
#debug
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")
include (${CMAKE_ROOT}/Modules/CheckFunctionExists.cmake)
check_function_exists (mypow HAVE_POW)
configure_file(
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
)
option(USE_MYMATH "use provided math implementation" on)
if(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
add_subdirectory(math)
set(extra_libs ${extra_Libs} MathFunctions)
endif(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(main ${extra_libs})
install (TARGETS main DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
# 启用测试
enable_testing()
# 测试程序是否成功运行
add_test (test_run main 5 2)
macro (do_test arg1 arg2 result)
add_test (test_${arg1}_${arg2} main ${arg1} ${arg2})
set_tests_properties (test_${arg1}_${arg2}
PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)
do_test (2 2 "4")
do_test (2 3 "8")
7.addVersion
├── CMakeLists.txt ├── config.h.in ├── main.cpp └── math ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── MyMath.cpp └── MyMath.h
config.h.in
// the configured options and settings for Tutorial
#define Demo_VERSION_MAJOR @Demo_VERSION_MAJOR@
#define Demo_VERSION_MINOR @Demo_VERSION_MINOR@
根目录 CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(cmaketest)
#debug
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")
include (${CMAKE_ROOT}/Modules/CheckFunctionExists.cmake)
check_function_exists (mypow HAVE_POW)
configure_file(
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
)
option(USE_MYMATH "use provided math implementation" on)
if(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
add_subdirectory(math)
set(extra_libs ${extra_Libs} MathFunctions)
endif(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(main ${extra_libs})
install (TARGETS main DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
# 启用测试
enable_testing()
# 测试程序是否成功运行
add_test (test_run main 5 2)
macro (do_test arg1 arg2 result)
add_test (test_${arg1}_${arg2} main ${arg1} ${arg2})
set_tests_properties (test_${arg1}_${arg2}
PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)
do_test (2 2 "4")
do_test (2 3 "8")
8.createInstallPack
├── CMakeLists.txt ├── config.h.in ├── License.txt ├── main.cpp └── math ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── MyMath.cpp └── MyMath.h
License.txt 版权说明
根目录 CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(cmaketest)
set (Demo_VERSION_MAJOR 1)
set (Demo_VERSION_MINOR 0)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")
include (${CMAKE_ROOT}/Modules/CheckFunctionExists.cmake)
check_function_exists (mypow HAVE_POW)
configure_file(
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
)
option(USE_MYMATH "use provided math implementation" on)
if(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
add_subdirectory(math)
set(extra_libs ${extra_Libs} MathFunctions)
endif(USE_MYMATH)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)
add_executable(main ${DIR_SRCS})
target_link_libraries(main ${extra_libs})
install (TARGETS main DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
# 启用测试
enable_testing()
# 测试程序是否成功运行
add_test (test_run main 5 2)
macro (do_test arg1 arg2 result)
add_test (test_${arg1}_${arg2} main ${arg1} ${arg2})
set_tests_properties (test_${arg1}_${arg2}
PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)
do_test (2 2 "4")
do_test (2 3 "8")
# 构建一个 CPack 安装包
include (InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
set (CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_LICENSE
"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/License.txt")
set (CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR "${Demo_VERSION_MAJOR}")
set (CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR "${Demo_VERSION_MINOR}")
include (CPack)
cpack -C CPackConfig.cmake #生成二进制安装包
cpack -C CPackSourceConfig.cmake #生成源码安装包
![image-20210502040202248](C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210502040202248.png