Dear Sir,
I learnt from your code, Actually there is an issue in adapter. Please update the code... for others.
Error is there
ViewDataBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate(layoutInflater, viewType, parent, false);

Fix of error is-:
ViewDataBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate(layoutInflater, R.layout., parent, false);
Thanking you so much Sir

Some databinding error. Also your Dog api model was wrong, string array instead of arraylist

01-07 14:50:34.318 10721-10721/com.alimuzaffar.example.dogs E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.alimuzaffar.example.dogs, PID: 10721
android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #29: Binary XML file line #29: Error inflating class ImageView
at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java)
at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java)
at androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil.inflate(DataBindingUtil.java:126)
at androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil.inflate(DataBindingUtil.java:95)
at com.alimuzaffar.example.dogs.adapter.DogBreedsAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(DogBreedsAdapter.java:40)
at com.alimuzaffar.example.dogs.adapter.DogBreedsAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(DogBreedsAdapter.java:18)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.java:6794)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(RecyclerView.java:5975)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:5858)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:5854)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager$LayoutState.next(LinearLayoutManager.java:2230)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.layoutChunk(LinearLayoutManager.java:1557)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.fill(LinearLayoutManager.java:1517)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.onLayoutChildren(LinearLayoutManager.java:612)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView.dispatchLayoutStep2(RecyclerView.java:3924)
at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView.onMeasure(RecyclerView.java:3336)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java)
at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java)
at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java)
at androidx.appcompat.widget.ContentFrameLayout.onMeasure(ContentFrameLayout.java:143)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java)
at androidx.appcompat.widget.ActionBarOverlayLayout.onMeasure(ActionBarOverlayLayout.java:401)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java)
at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java)
at android.widget.LinearLayout.measureChildBeforeLayout(LinearLayout.java)
at android.widget.LinearLayout.measureVertical(LinearLayout.java)
at android.widget.LinearLayout.onMeasure(LinearLayout.java)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewGroup.measureChildWithMargins(ViewGroup.java)
at android.widget.FrameLayout.onMeasure(FrameLayout.java)
at com.android.internal.policy.PhoneWindow$DecorView.onMeasure(PhoneWindow.java)
at android.view.View.measure(View.java)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performMeasure(ViewRootImpl.java)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.measureHierarchy(ViewRootImpl.java)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java)
at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java)
at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java)
at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java)
at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java)
Caused by: android.view.InflateException

your explanation on the view model is great but I'm facing an issue when showing the toast, snack bar or start another activity. For, example when you click on the list row the start new activity now what type of change I need to do in this project.