git config --global user.name "<name>"
git config --global user.email "<email-id>"

# Creating a git repository, At the top level folder containing the project
git init
# Checking the status for git repository
git status
# See the logs
git log
# or
git log --oneline

git add file1 file2
# or
git add . # stage all changes at once

git commit -m "<inline-message>"

git commit -m "commit-msg"
git add file1
git commit --amend # modifies the prev commit to include file1

git branch
git branch -v # to view more info

git branch <branch-name>

git switch <branch-name> # newer
# or
git checkout <branch-name> #older

# switch to new branch while also creating it
git switch -c <branch-name>

git branch -d <branch-name>
# or
git branch -D <branch-name> #delete a branch which is not fully merged; Shortcut for -df (--delete --force)

git branch -m <new-branch-name>

git diff #shows changes between the staging area and working directory

git diff HEAD #lists all changes in the working directory since the last commit; staged + unstaged changes

git diff --staged #shows diff between the staging area and the last commit; "Show me what will be included in my commit if I run git commit right now"
# OR
git diff --cached

# diff-ing particular files
git diff HEAD <filename>
# OR
git diff --staged <filename>

# diff-ing branches
git diff branch1..branch2

# diff-ing commits
git diff commit1..commit2

git stash list # View the list of stashes

git stash
# OR
git stash save # Saves all the uncommited changes to the stash; Doesn't includes the untracked files

git stash -u # Saves all the uncommited files including the untracked files to stash

git stash pop # Removes the most recently stashed changes in your stash and re-apply them to your working copy.

git stash apply # applies whatever is in the stash to the current branch without deleting it from the stash
# OR
git stash apply <stash-name> # Applies a particular stash

git stash clear # Deletes all the stashes
# OR
git stash drop <stash-name> # Deletes a particular stash

# git checkout: Used to create branches, switch to new branches, restore files, and undo history
git checkout <commit-hash> # Detached head statte
git switch <branch-name> # Reattach the head

git checkout HEAD~1 # Previous commit
git checkout HEAD~2 # (Head - 2)th commit

git switch - # Switch to the last branch we were on

git checkout HEAD <filename> # Discard any changes in the file and make the match the content of the file at HEAD
# OR
git checkout -- <filename> # Discard any changes in the file

git restore <filename> # Discard any changes in the file and make the match the content of the file at HEAD
git restore --source <commit-hash> <file-name> # Discard any changes in the file and make the match the content of the file at the commit
git restore --staged <filename> # Remove a file from the staging area

git reset <commit-hash> # Soft reset; Removes the commits but keeps the changes
git reset --hard <commit-hash> # Hard reset; Removes the commits as well as changes

git clone <repo-url>

# View remotes
git remote -v
# OR
git remote

# Adding a new remote
git remote add <name> <url> # name is just a label or alias for a particular remote

# removing a remote
git remote remove <name>

# renaming a remote
git remote rename <old-name> <new-name>

# pushing the code to remote
git push <remote> <branch>

# pushing a local branch to a different remote branch
git push <remote> <local-branch>:<remote-branch>

# setting upstream of a branch
git push -u <remote> <branch>

# View remote references
git remote -r

git remote -r # list all remote branches

# track a remote branch via a local branch
git switch <remote-branch-name> # makes a local branch AND sets it up to track the concerned remote branch
# OR
git checkout --track <remote>/<branch-name>

# Fetching
git fetch <remote>
git fetch <remote> <branch>
git fetch # updates the list of remote branches

# Run it from the branch where you want to merge the pulled changes
git pull <remote> <branch>

# Cleaning history
git switch feature # switch to branch which is to be rebased
git rebase master # the branch on whom to rebase

# Interactive rebase
git rebase -i <commit-hash> # inplace rebasing
# eg. git rebase -i HEAD~9

git tag # List all tags
git tag -l "<pattern>" # List all tags satisfying the pattern

git checkout <tag-name> # To checkout at a particular tag

git tag <tag-name> # Create a lightweight tag, By default, Git will create the tag referring to the commit that HEAD is referencing
git tag -a <tag-name> # Create annotated tags
# OR
git tag -a <tag-name> -m <message>
# OR
git tag <tag-name> <commit-hash> # Tagging previous commits

git tag -f <tag-name> # Forcing the reuse of a used tag

git tag -d <tag-name> # Deleting a tag

# By default, the git push command doesn’t transfer tags to remote servers.
git push --tags # Transfer all of your tags to the remote server that are not already there.

echo hello | git hash-object --stdin # Just spits out the hashed value without writing anything to .git directory
echo hello | git hash-object --stdin -w # write the content of the input in .git/objects folder
git cat-file -p <object-hash> # Takes the stored file in the .git/objects directory and converts it back to the original file; -p is for pretty print

# Viewing trees
git cat-file -p master^{tree} # master^{tree} syntax specifies the tree object that is pointed to by the tip of our master branch

git cat-file -t <commit-hash> # type of git object