A naive 5-stage pipeline MIPS CPU.
Environment:
$ uname -a
Darwin MacBook-Pro.local 23.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 23.4.0: Fri Mar 15 00:12:41 PDT 2024; root:xnu-10063.101.17~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8103 arm64Set up the required toolchains:
$ brew install verilator llvm@17
$ echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@17/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrcFor better development experience, add the following two paths to the includePath in VSCode. Please note that the paths may vary based on your setup, but you should be able to locate the correct ones on your machine:
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/verilator/5.024/share/verilator/include
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/verilator/5.024/share/verilator/include/vltstd
Set up the required toolchains based on the following list:
$ dpkg --list | grep mips
ii binutils-mips-linux-gnu 2.38-1ubuntu1cross2 amd64 GNU binary utilities, for mips-linux-gnu target
ii cpp-10-mips-linux-gnu 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpp-mips-linux-gnu 4:10.2.0-1 amd64 GNU C preprocessor (cpp) for the mips architecture
ii gcc-10-cross-base-mipsen 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 all GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (library base package)
ii gcc-10-mips-linux-gnu 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 amd64 GNU C compiler (cross compiler for mips architecture)
ii gcc-10-mips-linux-gnu-base:amd64 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-mips-linux-gnu 4:10.2.0-1 amd64 GNU C compiler for the mips architecture
ii libatomic1-mips-cross 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 all support library providing __atomic built-in functions
ii libc6-dev-mips-cross 2.35-0ubuntu1cross1 all GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files (for cross-compiling)
ii libc6-mips-cross 2.35-0ubuntu1cross1 all GNU C Library: Shared libraries (for cross-compiling)
ii libgcc-10-dev-mips-cross 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 all GCC support library (development files)
ii libgcc-s1-mips-cross 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 all GCC support library (mips)
ii libgomp1-mips-cross 10.3.0-1ubuntu1cross2 all GCC OpenMP (GOMP) support library
ii linux-libc-dev-mips-cross 5.15.0-18.18cross1 all Linux Kernel Headers for development (for cross-compiling)To build the test images, navigate to ./tests and run:
make allIf you have all the required toolchains set up correctly, you will find *.bin files in the test case folders.
If everything goes well, you can run the tests with:
make testand see the output:
[OK] TEST1-JUMP.
[OK] TEST2-BITWISE.
[OK] TEST3-IMM.
[OK] TEST4-OPs.
[OK] TEST5-LOAD_STORE.
[OK] TEST6-BRANCH.
[OK] TEST7-LUI.
[OK] TEST8-QSORT.
ACCEPTED.
To debug the CPU step by step, try:
make runYou can change the target image in the Makefile under the root folder.
The CPU is built from the following reference architecture, with some fixtures and modifications made by me, including memory access latencies, bitwise operations, data forwarding, and more.
Some details of implementation can be found in the comments from the source code.
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