Insecure block cipher cryptography based on Triangular Congruential Generators (also invented by me). Demo: https://charcoding.github.io/TCG-Block-Cipher/ Reddit /r/crypto discussion: https://www.reddit.com/r/crypto/comments/8es7aw/need_help_breaking_a_homebrew_insecure_block/

A Triangular Congruential Generator is initialized with multiplier a (must be odd number), increment b ∈ ℕ, mask m = 2**n - 1, and seed x, 0 ≤ x < m. To demonstrate their improvement over linear congruential generators, visit https://charcoding.github.io/TCG-Block-Cipher/graphs.html. Each time .next().value is called, it returns x = [a(x² + x) / 2 + b] AND m With carefully chosen parameters, the TCG will have a period = mask + 1. When used in the cipher, they are generated from an index and a seed. The index determines a and b from the arrays of constants, and the seed determines the starting value x. Mask is either 65535 or 524287.

Note: In JavaScript, >>> is the Zero-fill right shift operator, not circular bitwise rotate. >>> 1 is equivalent to dividing by 2 for positive integers. It is used because the >> operator have sign-propagation. Circular bitwise rotate is denoted by the function ROTR(word, rotation).

TCG.A16 is an array of 128 multiplier a values for 16 bit TCGs. TCG.B16 is an array of 128 increment b values for 16 bit TCGs. Same goes for A19 and B19, except there are only 8 of each and they are for 19 bit TCGs.

0. Initialize key from input, k = Uint32Array(4);
   • if it is too short, repeat the input again
   • if it is too long, add the rest back onto key
1. Generate round keys ks = new Array(NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS);
2. Round function:
   • XOR with round key (in the middle round, add the round key mod 2³² instead)
   • SBOX
   • PBOX
3. Last round:
   • XOR with round key
   • SBOX

0. Find the hamming weight of the 128-bit key
1. Find the sum of the 4 ints
2. Find the integer product of the 4 ints
3. Create a 19-bit generator (index = hamming weight, bits 0~2, seed = sum, bits 0~18)
4. Create an array of 8 16-bit generators based on the current key
   • index = k[0] bits 0~7, seed = k[1] bits 0~15
   • index = k[0] bits 8~15, seed = k[1] bits 16~31
   • index = k[0] bits 16~23, seed = k[2] bits 0~15
   • index = k[0] bits 24~31, seed = k[2] bits 16~31
   • index = k[1] bits 0~7, seed = sum, bits 0~15
   • index = k[1] bits 8~15, seed = sum, bits 16~31
   • index = k[1] bits 16~23, seed = product, bits 0~15
   • index = k[1] bits 24~31, seed = product, bits 16~31
5. Initialize the new key by reversing the bits of each word in the previous key
6. Loop 32 times: (i = 31...0, rolled backwards) 0. let temp = 19-bit generator .next().value
   1. Select a 16-bit generator from the array (index = temp, bits 0~2)
   2. Call 16-bit generator .next().value << 16, bitwise OR with temp >>> 3
   3. Circular right shift the result i bits
   4. XOR the result with new key nk[i & 3]
7. New key is returned

For all rounds except the middle round, each 128-bit data block is XORed with the key. For the middle round (if number of rounds is even, round down), add the key to each 128-bit data block, then mod 2³². (subtract if decrypting)

0. Indices are calculated based on k[0], k[1], and hamming weight of k[2]:
   • const gen = ROTR(k[0] << 1 ^ k[1] >>> 1, hammingWeight(k[2])); (ROTR = circular right shift)
1. Seeds are calculated based on k[2], k[3]:
   • const seeds = ~k[2] ^ k[3] << 3 ^ k[3] >> 4;
2. Two 16-bit TCGs are created:
   • index = gen bits 8~15, seed = seeds bits 16~31
   • index = gen bits 0~7, seed = seeds bits 0~15
3. Swap the generators if decrypting (so that index and value are swapped in the lookup table)
4. Loop 65536 times:
   • For each 16-bit output of G0, its replacement will be the 16-bit output of G1:
     • SBOX[G0.next().value] = G1.next().value;
5. Go through the data array and replace each 16-bit subword with the value in the lookup table

0. Index is calculated based on hamming weight of k[1], k[2], and k[3]:
   • const gen = ROTR(k[3] << 2 ^ k[2] >>> 1, hammingWeight(k[1]));
1. Seed is calculated based on k[0] and k[1]:
   • const seed = reverseBits(k[1]) ^ k[0] << 4 ^ k[0] >>> 3;
2. Create a 16-bit TCG:
   • index = gen bits 0~7, seed = seed bits 0~15
3. Get 128 values from the TCG
4. Sort the values, and perform the same swaps on an array of integers in ascending order 0...127, so that when the outputs of TCG are sorted, the integers 0...127 are permuted accordingly.
5. For each 128-bit block of data, copy the nth bit to the position order[n]. (vice versa for decryption)

• Avalanche effect
• Dynamic S-box and P-box

• Uses a lot of memory and is kind of slow
• Key scheduling algorithm is basically security through obscurity
• TCG generators are fully predictable
• Many potentially weak S-boxes and P-boxes due to large range
• CTR mode only works with strings shorter than 2^21 characters
• Other security vulnerabilities (94 more...)