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LinPE - Linux Privilege Escalation (with colors)

Linpe performs the linux privilege escalation checks explained in book.hacktricks.xyz

asciicast

The goal of this script is to search for possible Privilege Escalation vectors.

This script doesn't have any dependency.

The script can be run in everything that have /bin/sh (even OpenBSD, FreeBSD and other OS with /bin/sh).

It could take from 2 to 3 minutes to execute the whole script (less than 1 min to make almost all the checks, almost 1 min to search for possible passwords inside all the accesible files of the system and 1 min to monitor the processes in order to find very frequent cron jobs).

You can decrease this time use the parameters:

  • -f (fast) - This will bypass checking processes during 1 min
  • -v (veryfast) - This will bypass the previous check and other time consuming checks.

This script has several lists included inside of it to be able to color the results in order to highlight PE vector.

Linpe also exports a new PATH variable if common folders aren't present in the original PATH variable. It also exports export HISTSIZE=0 so no command executed during the session will be saved in the history file.

Colors

LinPE uses colors to indicate where does each section begin. But it also uses them the identify potencial misconfigurations.

The Red/Yellow color is used for identifing configurations that lead to PE (99% sure).

The Red color is used for identifing suspicious configurations that could lead to PE:

  • Possible exploitable kernel versions
  • Vulnerable sudo versions
  • Identify processes running as root
  • Not mounted devices
  • Dangerous fstab permissions
  • Writable files in interesting directories
  • SUID/SGID binaries that have some vulnerable version (it also specifies the vulnerable version)
  • SUDO binaries that can be used to escalate privileges in sudo -l (without passwd) (https://gtfobins.github.io/)
  • Check /etc/doas.conf
  • 127.0.0.1 in netstat
  • Known files that could contain passwords
  • Capabilities in interesting binaries
  • Interesting capabilities of a binary
  • Writable folders and wilcards inside info about cron jobs
  • Writables folders in PATH
  • Groups that could lead to root
  • Files that could contains passwords

The Green color is used for:

  • Common processes run by root
  • Common not interesting devices to mount
  • Not dangerous fstab permissions
  • SUID/SGID common binaries (the bin was already found in other machines and searchsploit doesn't identify any vulnerable version)
  • Common .sh files in path
  • Common names of users executing processes

The Blue color is used for:

  • Users without shell
  • Mounted devices

The Light Cyan color is used for:

  • Users with shell

The Light Magenta color is used for:

  • Current username

The color filtering is not available in the one-liner (the lists are too big)

One liner

Here you have an old linpe version script in one line, just copy and paste it;)

This one-liner is deprecated (I am not going to update it more), but it could be useful in some cases so it will remain here:

The default file where all the data is recorded is: /tmp/linPE (you can change it at the beginning of the script)

file="/tmp/linPE";RED='\033[0;31m';Y='\033[0;33m';B='\033[0;34m';NC='\033[0m';rm -rf $file;echo "File: $file";echo "[+]Gathering system information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"BASIC SYSTEM INFO\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Operative system\n"$NC >> $file;(cat /proc/version || uname -a ) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"PATH\n"$NC >> $file;echo $PATH 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Date\n"$NC >> $file;date 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Sudo version\n"$NC >> $file;sudo -V 2>/dev/null| grep "Sudo ver" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"selinux enabled?\n"$NC >> $file;sestatus 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Useful software?\n"$NC >> $file;which nc ncat netcat wget curl ping gcc make gdb base64 socat python python2 python3 python2.7 python2.6 python3.6 python3.7 perl php ruby xterm doas sudo 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Capabilities\n"$NC >> $file;getcap -r / 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Environment\n"$NC >> $file;(set || env) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Top and cleaned proccesses\n"$NC >> $file;ps aux 2>/dev/null | grep -v "\[" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Binary processes permissions\n"$NC >> $file;ps aux 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $11}'|xargs -r ls -la 2>/dev/null |awk '!x[$0]++' 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Services\n"$NC >> $file;(/usr/sbin/service --status-all || /sbin/chkconfig --list || /bin/rc-status) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Different processes executed during 1 min (HTB)\n"$NC >> $file;if [ "`ps -e --format cmd`" ]; then for i in {1..121}; do ps -e --format cmd >> $file.tmp1; sleep 0.5; done; sort $file.tmp1 | uniq | grep -v "\[" | sed '/^.\{500\}./d' >> $file; rm $file.tmp1; fi;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Proccesses binary permissions\n"$NC >> $file;ps aux 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $11}'|xargs -r ls -la 2>/dev/null |awk '!x[$0]++' 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Scheduled tasks\n"$NC >> $file;crontab -l 2>/dev/null >> $file;ls -al /etc/cron* 2>/dev/null >> $file;cat /etc/cron* /etc/at* /etc/anacrontab /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root /var/spool/anacron 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Any sd* disk in /dev?\n"$NC >> $file;ls /dev 2>/dev/null | grep -i "sd" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Storage information\n"$NC >> $file;df -h 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Unmounted file-system?\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/fstab 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Printer?\n"$NC >> $file;lpstat -a 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "[+]Gathering network information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"NETWORK INFO\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Hostname, hosts and DNS\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/hostname /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^#" >> $file;dnsdomainname 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Networks and neightbours\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/networks 2>/dev/null >> $file;(ifconfig || ip a) 2>/dev/null >> $file;iptables -L 2>/dev/null >> $file;ip n 2>/dev/null >> $file;route -n 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Ports\n"$NC >> $file;(netstat -punta || ss -t; ss -u) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Can I sniff with tcpdump?\n"$NC >> $file;timeout 1 tcpdump >> $file 2>&1;echo "" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "[+]Gathering users information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"USERS INFO\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Me\n"$NC >> $file;(id || (whoami && groups)) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Sudo -l without password\n"$NC >> $file;echo '' | sudo -S -l -k 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Do I have PGP keys?\n"$NC >> $file;gpg --list-keys 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Superusers\n"$NC >> $file;awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Login\n"$NC >> $file;w 2>/dev/null >> $file;last 2>/dev/null | tail >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Users with console\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null | grep "sh$" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"All users\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null | cut -d: -f1 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "" >> $file;echo "[+]Gathering files information...";printf $B"[*] "$RED"INTERESTING FILES\n"$NC >> $file ;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"SUID\n"$NC >> $file;find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"SGID\n"$NC >> $file;find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Files inside \$HOME (limit 20)\n"$NC >> $file;ls -la $HOME 2>/dev/null | head -n 20 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"20 First files of /home\n"$NC >> $file;find /home -type f 2>/dev/null | column -t | grep -v -i "/"$USER | head -n 20 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Files inside .ssh directory?\n"$NC >> $file;find  /home /root -name .ssh 2>/dev/null -exec ls -laR {} \; >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"*sa_key* files\n"$NC >> $file;find / -type f -name "*sa_key*" -ls 2>/dev/null -exec ls -l {} \; >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Mails?\n"$NC >> $file;ls -alh /var/mail/ /var/spool/mail/ 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"NFS exports?\n"$NC >> $file;cat /etc/exports 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Hashes inside /etc/passwd? Readable /etc/shadow or /etc/master.passwd?\n"$NC >> $file;grep -v '^[^:]*:[x]' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null >> $file;cat /etc/shadow /etc/master.passwd 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Readable /root?\n"$NC >> $file;ls -ahl /root/ 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Inside docker or lxc?\n"$NC >> $file;dockercontainer=`grep -i docker /proc/self/cgroup  2>/dev/null; find / -name "*dockerenv*" -exec ls -la {} \; 2>/dev/null`;lxccontainer=`grep -qa container=lxc /proc/1/environ 2>/dev/null`;if [ "$dockercontainer" ]; then echo "Looks like we're in a Docker container" >> $file; fi;if [ "$lxccontainer" ]; then echo "Looks like we're in a LXC container" >> $file; fi;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"*_history, profile, bashrc, httpd.conf\n"$NC >> $file;find / -type f \( -name "*_history" -o -name "profile" -o -name "*bashrc" -o -name "httpd.conf" \) -exec ls -l {} \; 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"All hidden files (not in /sys/) (limit 100)\n"$NC >> $file;find / -type f -iname ".*" -ls 2>/dev/null | grep -v "/sys/" | head -n 100 >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"What inside /tmp, /var/tmp, /var/backups\n"$NC >> $file;ls -a /tmp /var/tmp /var/backups 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Interesting writable Files\n"$NC >> $file;USER=`whoami`;HOME=/home/$USER;find / '(' -type f -or -type d ')' '(' '(' -user $USER ')' -or '(' -perm -o=w ')' ')' 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/proc/' | grep -v $HOME | grep -v '/sys/fs'| sort | uniq >> $file;for g in `groups`; do find / \( -type f -or -type d \) -group $g -perm -g=w 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/proc/' | grep -v $HOME | grep -v '/sys/fs'; done >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Web files?(output limited)\n"$NC >> $file;ls -alhR /var/www/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/ 2>/dev/null | head >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Backup files?\n"$NC >> $file;find /var /etc /bin /sbin /home /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/bin /usr/games /usr/sbin /root /tmp -type f \( -name "*back*" -o -name "*bck*" \) 2>/dev/null >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Find IPs inside logs\n"$NC >> $file;grep -a -R -o '[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}' /var/log/ 2>/dev/null | sort | uniq >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Find 'password' or 'passw' string inside /home, /var/www, /var/log, /etc\n"$NC >> $file;grep -lRi "password\|passw" /home /var/www /var/log 2>/dev/null | sort | uniq >> $file;echo "" >> $file;printf $Y"[+] "$RED"Sudo -l (you need to puts the password and the result appear in console)\n"$NC >> $file;sudo -l;

What does linpe look for

  • System Information

    • SO & kernel version
    • Sudo version
    • PATH
    • Date
    • System stats
    • Environment vars
    • SElinux
    • Printers
    • Dmesg (signature verifications)
    • Container?

  • Devices

    • sd* in /dev
    • Unmounted filesystems

  • Available Software

    • Useful software
    • Installed compilers

  • Processes & Cron & Services

    • Cleaned processes
    • Binary processes permissions
    • Different processes executed during 1 min
    • Cron jobs
    • Services

  • Network Information

    • Hostname, hosts & dns
    • Content of /etc/inetd.conf
    • Networks and neighbours
    • Active ports
    • Sniff permissions (tcpdump)

  • Users Information

    • Info about current user
    • PGP keys
    • sudo -l without password
    • doas config file
    • Pkexec policy
    • Try to login using su as other users (using null pass and the username)
    • List of superusers
    • List of users with console
    • Login info
    • List of all users

  • Software Information

    • MySQl (Version, user being configured, loging as "root:root","root:toor","root:", user hashes extraction via DB and file, possible backup user configured)
    • PostgreSQL (Version, try login in "template0" and "template1" as: "postgres:", "psql:")
    • Apache (Version)
    • PHP cookies
    • Wordpress (Database credentials)
    • Tomcat (Credentials)
    • Mongo (Version)
    • Supervisor (Credentials)
    • Cesi (Credentials)
    • Rsyncd (Credentials)
    • Hostapd (Credentials)
    • Wifi (Credentials)
    • Anaconda-ks (Credentials)
    • VNC (Credentials)
    • LDAP database (Credentials)
    • Open VPN files (Credentials)
    • SSH (private keys, known_hosts, authorized_hosts, authorized_keys, main config parameters in sshd_config, certificates)
    • PAM-SSH (Unexpected "auth" values)
    • AWS (Files with AWS keys)
    • NFS (privilege escalation misconfiguration)
    • Kerberos (configuration & tickets in /tmp)
    • Kibana (credentials)
    • Logstash (Username and possible code execution)
    • Elasticseach (Config info and Version via port 9200)
    • Vault-ssh (Config values, secrets list and .vault-token files)

  • Generic Interesting Files

    • SUID & SGID files
    • Capabilities
    • .sh scripts in PATH
    • Hashes (passwd, shadow & master.passwd)
    • Try to read root dir
    • Files owned by root inside /home
    • Reduced list of files inside my home and /home
    • Mails
    • Backup files
    • DB files
    • Web files
    • Files that can contain passwords (and search for passwords inside *_history files)
    • List of all hidden files
    • List ALL writable files for current user (global, user and groups)
    • Inside /tmp, /var/tmp and /var/backups
    • Password ins config PHP files
    • Get IPs, passwords and emails from logs
    • "pwd" and "passw" inside files (and get most probable lines)

By Polop(TM)

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