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LoRa_stm8l

LoRa技术

  LoRa采用星型网络结构,与网状网络结构相比,它是具有低延迟、最简单的网络结构。在实际应用中,采用LoRa协议的物联网设备无线通信距离超过15公里(郊区环境),电池使用寿命可达10年以上,并且能够将数百万的无线传感器节点与LoRa技术网关连接起来,这一优势是传统网络通讯标准无法达到的。常用的无线通信方式的传输距离、速率、功耗对比如下:

模式 最远传输距离 最高传输速率 最低接收功耗
Bluetooth 15m 2MB/s 6mA
WiFi 100m 54MB/s 105mA
ZigBee 75m 250KB/s 2mA
LoRa 15km 600KB/s 3mA

SX1278芯片

  SX1278收发器主要采用LoRa远程调制解调器,用于超长距离扩频通信,抗干扰性强,能够最大限度降低电流功耗。借助Semtech的LoRa专利调制技术,SX1278采用低成本的晶体和物料即可获得超过-148dBm的高灵敏度。
  本设计中采用的是安信可的Ra-02模块,相关的技术参数可以参考https://docs.ai-thinker.com/lora

stm8l芯片

  在本设计中,采用的是STM8L051F3处理器,相关的技术参数可以在https://www.st.com/en/microcontrollers-microprocessors/stm8l051f3.html上找到。STM8L051F3有 5种低功耗模式,分别为 Wait mode、Low-power run mode、Low-power wait mode、Active-halt mode和Halt mode。

  1. Wait mode:CPU的时钟停止工作,但是被选定的模块继续工作。内部中断、外部中断或者复位可以让CPU退出Wait模式。
  2. Low-power run mode:CPU和所选外设正常运行,采用低速振荡器(LSI或 LSE)。单片机通过软件进入低功耗运行模式,并可以通过软件或者复位退出该模式。
  3. Low-power wait mode:在低功耗下执行等待事件时进入该模式。类似于低功耗运行模式,但是CPU时钟停止。可以由复位、内部或触发外部事件(外部事件由定时器、串行接口、DMA产生)控制器(DMA1)和I/O端口退出该模式。当由事件触发唤醒时,系统回到低功耗运行模式。
  4. Active-halt mode:除RTC外,CPU和外围时钟停止。可由RTC中断、外部中断或复位唤醒。
  5. Halt mode: CPU和外围时钟停止,设备保持开机状态。RAM内容被保存。由外部中断或复位唤醒。一些外围设备也具有从停机唤醒功能。可在5μs内唤醒,唤醒时间很快。

在这5个不同的模式下运行,工作的电流如下表所示:

模式 电流
Wait mode
Low-power run mode 5.1μA
Low-power wait mode 3μA
Active-halt mode 1.3μA
Halt mode 350nA

  STM8L051F3单片机I/O引脚的最低驱动电流可以达到5μA,这些都是为了实现单片机的低功耗。

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