1. Install dependencies: yarn install
2. In one terminal, start Ganache: yarn run ts-node ganache.ts
3. In another terminal, run the transaction submitter: yarn run ts-node send.ts

This repo reproduces a bug in Ganache where transactions with manually-assigned nonces become stuck in the queued TX pool state, when they are submitted by multiple processes concurrently.

send.ts generates a number of transactions with sequential nonces (TRANSACTIONS_PER_CPU). It creates a random Ethereum keypair and signs each transaction. It then shuffles the transactions randomly and splits them between N_CPUS independent worker processes. Each process submits its transactions to Ganache, and waits for a transaction receipt for each.

When N_CPUS = 1 (no concurrency), all receipts return OK.

On some runs, when N_CPUS = 32, or other high numbers, transactions will get stuck in the txpool in the queued state.

The Ganache logs will show no activity except for eth_blockNumber and eth_chainId; and send.ts will eventually exit.

Looking at the TX pool, you will see many queued transactions:

curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"txpool_content","params":[], "id":1}' http://127.0.0.1:8888

The smallest nonce of the queued transactions will match the current from account nonce; i.e. the nonce of the sender has been incremented correctly but queued transactions have not been triggered and are stuck.