lifeisstrange / an-algorithm-for-curing-ageing Goto Github PK

Does ARN messenger only copy a gene or a full ADN?
If only a gene, and because movements seems random, how can there be proportions?
Why aren't many proteines overexpressed, underexoressed ? Seems chaotic.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25096386

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwi-interacting_RNA

From https://lemire.me/blog/

In mammals, the heart does not regenerate. Dead heart cells are dead and no replacement is produced. New research shows that this can be changed, in mice, by pumping them up with a small molecule called miR-294. The treated mice saw good heart regeneration.
In human beings, an important part of the immune system, the thymus, simply disappears over time, leaving older people with a weaker immune system. In mice, this can be reversed using transgenic exosomes.

do a skin cell has the same DNA than a brain cell ?
I need to understund type cell specialization, stem cells, and phénotypes

What about collisions?
Density?

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24113054

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40859876

https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Proteomics/Introduction_to_Proteomics

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26472127

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_sequencing

From https://lemire.me/blog/
In a small clinical trial, scientists administered some “anti-aging” therapies to people between their fifties and sixties. They used growth hormone to regenerate the thymus, part of our immune system which is nearly all gone when people reach 50 years old. They complemented this therapy with anti-diabetes drugs (dehydroepiandrosterone and metformin) as an attempt to compensate for the fact that growth hormone is pro-diabetic. The researchers found that in a majority of the participants, the thymus was indeed regenerated: to my knowledge, this is a breakthrough in human beings (we only knew that in worked in animal models). Further, using an epigenetic clock, they found that participants’ biological age was reversed, by 2.5 years on average. The result persisted six months after stopping the trial. The surprising results should be viewed with caution given that it was a small trial with no control. Nevertheless, to my knowledge, it is the first time that biological aging has been reversed in human beings following a supervised therapy. The article is short and readable. (Source: Nature)

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24012587

Todo: the most utilitarianistic thing in the world.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21419977

Some mammals like dogs can contaminate other dogs with cancer.

How human immune system detect other humans cancer cells and destroy them?

Can this behavior be used for your own cancer cells? How?

Bomarkers, etc

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30943370

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30099010#30105333

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23142932

Interesting, I have another question:

We don't really know the precise conditions that allowed life to appear, we just know that life appeared extremely early in Earth formation.
Life being so quick to appear make it sounds like it is extremely probable to appear once the basic condition appears.
But to my understanding it is believed that every single known alive and extinct species descend from a same, unique common ancestor. In other words, life would have only appeared once on earth.

So we face a paradox:
Life is extremely probable to appear because it appeared right after some basic conditions were met on earth. The same conditions did hold and still holds nowadays but somehow life appeared only once.

To resolve this paradox here are some tentative hypothesises:

1. reject the premise, life would have appeared many times on earth. There exists a few life forms that share very few in common of their DNA with others and the existing common DNA could be attributed to either horizontal gene transfer or to the idea that there is necessary common minimal design for life.
   E.g some components of the cell structure might be necessary invariants for life. But in the same way as in natural language many sentences can represent the exact same meaning, I believe many different DNA sequences, outputting many different proteins, might generate the same invariants.
   Therefore if life appeared many times but reduced to the same cell invariants, they could still have 0% common DNA. But no living being exist with such a property. To explain this we need the following sub-hypothesies:
   1.1) active DNA has to be extremely efficients and therefore such optimization selection reduce the number of different implementations.
   1.2) horizontal gene transfer has affected every known living being to significant extents
   Another way to defend the 1) hypothesis would be to believe that life has appeared many times but all alternatives forms of life have been quickly made extinct by competition with our first life form.
   But if we think that, that doesn't explain why we couldn't detect new life appearing out of nowhere, nowadays and being quickly killed by current beings.

2. life has only appeared once because the necessary conditions did not last. Which condition did not last then?
   We could find some condition that no longer holds nowadays such as much higher CO2 level, acidity, etc
   But condition that quickly disappeared? No idea.

3. once life appeared, it spread so quickly, and on every single place where new life could have appeared that it prevented new life forms to appear. Because existing life would take the resources necessary for life to appear e.g eating a pre-life form.
   That being said I personally don't believe that life spreaded as much and as quickly.

4. despite everything making us believe that life is extremely likely to appear, maybe that life is actually extremely, extremely unlikely to appear.

What do you think? Do you have any additional hypothesises?
On a related topic, single life cell life forms appeared only one time even if it specialized third times (eukaryote, bacteria and archae).
Contrary to single cell lifeforms, it is known that multicellular life forms appeared many times, ~15 times if I remember well. Could new multicellar life forms still appear today?

Sperm DNA is the only cell in the human body that has unmutated DNA since you were born. Otherwise new borns would be buggy.

How is this fucking possible? If true it means immortality is already locally solved in each humans :0

// apply to ovula too.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22101550

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22066494

https://youtu.be/0Ha9nppnwOc

E.g
Axolot
Somme meduses
Hommard

Biomimetisme