Raisin - A REST API microframework for Perl.
version 0.93
use HTTP::Status qw(:constants);
use List::Util qw(max);
use Raisin::API;
use Types::Standard qw(HashRef Any Int Str);
my %USERS = (
1 => {
first_name => 'Darth',
last_name => 'Wader',
password => 'deathstar',
email => '[email protected]',
},
2 => {
first_name => 'Luke',
last_name => 'Skywalker',
password => 'qwerty',
email => '[email protected]',
},
);
plugin 'Logger', fallback => 1;
app->log( debug => 'Starting Raisin...' );
middleware 'CrossOrigin',
origins => '*',
methods => [qw/DELETE GET HEAD OPTIONS PATCH POST PUT/],
headers => [qw/accept authorization content-type api_key_token/];
plugin 'Swagger';
swagger_setup(
title => 'A POD synopsis API',
description => 'An example of API documentation.',
#terms_of_service => '',
contact => {
name => 'Artur Khabibullin',
url => 'http://github.com/khrt',
email => '[email protected]',
},
license => {
name => 'Perl license',
url => 'http://dev.perl.org/licenses/',
},
);
desc 'Users API';
resource users => sub {
summary 'List users';
params(
optional('start', type => Int, default => 0, desc => 'Pager (start)'),
optional('count', type => Int, default => 10, desc => 'Pager (count)'),
);
get sub {
my $params = shift;
my @users
= map { { id => $_, %{ $USERS{$_} } } }
sort { $a <=> $b } keys %USERS;
my $max_count = scalar(@users) - 1;
my $start = $params->{start} > $max_count ? $max_count : $params->{start};
my $end = $params->{count} > $max_count ? $max_count : $params->{count};
my @slice = @users[$start .. $end];
{ data => \@slice }
};
summary 'List all users at once';
get 'all' => sub {
my @users
= map { { id => $_, %{ $USERS{$_} } } }
sort { $a <=> $b } keys %USERS;
{ data => \@users }
};
summary 'Create new user';
params(
requires('user', type => HashRef, desc => 'User object', group {
requires('first_name', type => Str, desc => 'First name'),
requires('last_name', type => Str, desc => 'Last name'),
requires('password', type => Str, desc => 'User password'),
optional('email', type => Str, default => undef, regex => qr/.+\@.+/, desc => 'User email'),
}),
);
post sub {
my $params = shift;
my $id = max(keys %USERS) + 1;
$USERS{$id} = $params->{user};
res->status(HTTP_CREATED);
{ success => 1 }
};
desc 'Actions on the user';
params requires('id', type => Int, desc => 'User ID');
route_param 'id' => sub {
summary 'Show user';
get sub {
my $params = shift;
$USERS{ $params->{id} };
};
summary 'Delete user';
del sub {
my $params = shift;
delete $USERS{ $params->{id} };
res->status(HTTP_NO_CONTENT);
undef;
};
};
};
run;
Raisin is a REST API microframework for Perl. It's designed to run on Plack, providing a simple DSL to develop RESTful APIs easily. It was inspired by Grape.
Adds a route to an application.
resource user => sub { ... };
Defines a route parameter as a resource id
which can be anything if type
isn't specified for it.
route_param id => sub { ... };
Raisin allows you to nest route_param
:
params requires => { name => 'id', type => Int };
route_param id => sub {
get sub { ... };
params requires => { name => 'sub_id', type => Int };
route_param sub_id => sub {
...
};
};
Shortcuts to add a route
restricted to the corresponding HTTP method.
get sub { 'GET' };
del 'all' => sub { 'OK' };
params(
requires('id', type => Int),
optional('key', type => Str),
);
get sub { 'GET' };
desc 'Put data';
params(
required('id', type => Int),
optional('name', type => Str),
);
put 'all' => sub {
'PUT'
};
Adds a description to resource
or any of the HTTP methods.
Useful for OpenAPI as it's shown there as a description of an action.
desc 'Some long explanation about an action';
put sub { ... };
desc 'Some exaplanation about a group of actions',
resource => 'user' => sub { ... }
Same as "desc" but shorter.
summary 'Some summary';
put sub { ... };
Tags can be used for logical grouping of operations by resources or any other qualifier. Using in API description.
tags 'delete', 'user';
delete sub { ... };
By default tags are added automatically based on it's namespace but you always can overwrite it using the function.
Describes response object which will be used to generate OpenAPI description.
entity 'MusicApp::Entity::Album';
get {
my $albums = $schema->resultset('Album');
present data => $albums, with => 'MusicApp::Entity::Album';
};
Defines validations and coercion options for your parameters. Can be applied to any HTTP method and/or "route_param" to describe parameters.
params(
requires('name', type => Str),
optional('start', type => Int, default => 0),
optional('count', type => Int, default => 10),
);
get sub { ... };
params(
requires('id', type => Int, desc => 'User ID'),
);
route_param 'id' => sub { ... };
For more see "Validation-and-coercion" in Raisin.
Specifies default API format mode when formatter isn't specified by API user.
E.g. if URI is asked without an extension (json
, yaml
) or Accept
header
isn't specified the default format will be used.
Default value: YAML
.
api_default_format 'json';
See also "API-FORMATS" in Raisin.
Restricts API to use only specified formatter to serialize and deserialize data.
Already exists Raisin::Encoder::JSON, Raisin::Encoder::YAML, and Raisin::Encoder::Text, but you can always register your own using "register_encoder".
api_format 'json';
See also "API-FORMATS" in Raisin.
Sets up an API version header.
api_version 1.23;
Loads a Raisin module. A module options may be specified after the module name. Compatible with Kelp modules.
plugin 'Swagger';
Adds a middleware to your application.
middleware '+Plack::Middleware::Session' => { store => 'File' };
middleware '+Plack::Middleware::ContentLength';
middleware 'Runtime'; # will be loaded Plack::Middleware::Runtime
Mounts multiple API implementations inside another one. These don't have to be different versions, but may be components of the same API.
In RaisinApp.pm
:
package RaisinApp;
use Raisin::API;
api_format 'json';
mount 'RaisinApp::User';
mount 'RaisinApp::Host';
1;
Registers a third-party parser (decoder).
register_decoder(xml => 'My::Parser::XML');
See also Raisin::Decoder.
Registers a third-party formatter (encoder).
register_encoder(xml => 'My::Formatter::XML');
See also Raisin::Encoder.
Returns the PSGI
application.
Provides quick access to the Raisin::Request object for the current route.
Use req
to get access to request headers, params, etc.
use DDP;
p req->headers;
p req->params;
say req->header('X-Header');
See also Plack::Request.
Provides quick access to the Raisin::Response object for the current route.
Use res
to set up response parameters.
res->status(403);
res->headers(['X-Application' => 'Raisin Application']);
See also Plack::Response.
Returns request parameters. Without an argument will return an array of all input parameters. Otherwise it will return the value of the requested parameter.
Returns Hash::MultiValue object.
say param('key'); # -> value
say param(); # -> { key => 'value', foo => 'bar' }
Returns all declared parameters even if there is no value for a param.
See "Declared-parameters" in Raisin.
Returns psgix.session
hash. When it exists, you can retrieve and store
per-session data.
# store param
session->{hello} = 'World!';
# read param
say session->{name};
Raisin hash a built-in present
method, which accepts two arguments: an
object to be presented and an options associated with it. The options hash may
include with
key, which is defined the entity to expose. See Raisin::Entity.
my $artists = $schema->resultset('Artist');
present data => $artists, with => 'MusicApp::Entity::Artist';
present count => $artists->count;
Raisin::Entity supports DBIx::Class and Rose::DB::Object.
For details see examples in examples/music-app and Raisin::Entity.
When you add a route for a resource, a route for the OPTIONS method will also be added. The response to an OPTIONS request will include an "Allow" header listing the supported methods.
get 'count' => sub {
{ count => $count };
};
params(
requires('num', type => Int, desc => 'Value to add to the count.'),
);
put 'count' => sub {
my $params = shift;
$count += $params->{num};
{ count: $count };
};
curl -v -X OPTIONS http://localhost:5000/count
> OPTIONS /count HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:5000
>
* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
< HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
< Allow: GET, OPTIONS, PUT
If a request for a resource is made with an unsupported HTTP method, an HTTP 405 (Method Not Allowed) response will be returned.
curl -X DELETE -v http://localhost:3000/count
> DELETE /count HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:5000
>
* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
< HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed
< Allow: OPTIONS, GET, PUT
Request parameters are available through the params
HASH
. This includes
GET, POST and PUT parameters, along with any named parameters you specify in
your route strings.
Parameters are automatically populated from the request body
on POST
and PUT
for form input, JSON
and YAML
content-types.
The request:
curl localhost:5000/data -H Content-Type:application/json -d '{"id": "14"}'
The Raisin endpoint:
post data => sub { param('id') };
Multipart POST
s and PUT
s are supported as well.
In the case of conflict between either of:
- path parameters;
- GET, POST and PUT parameters;
- contents of request body on POST and PUT;
Path parameters have precedence.
Query string and body parameters will be merged (see "parameters" in Plack::Request)
Raisin allows you to access only the parameters that have been declared by you in "params" in Raisin block.
By default you can get all declared parameter as a first argument passed to your route subroutine.
Application:
api_format 'json';
post data => sub {
my $params = shift;
{ data => $params };
};
Request:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:5000/signup -d '{"id": 42}'
Response:
{ "data": nil }
Once we add parameters block, Raisin will start return only the declared parameters.
Application:
api_format 'json';
params(
requires('id', type => Int),
optional('email', type => Str)
);
post data => sub {
my $params = shift;
{ data => $params };
};
Request:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:5000/signup -d '{"id": 42, "key": "value"}'
Response:
{ "data": { "id": 42 } }
By default declared parameters don't contain parameters which have no value.
If you want to return all parameters you can use the include_missing
function.
Application:
api_format 'json';
params(
requires('id', type => Int),
optional('email', type => Str)
);
post data => sub {
my $params = shift;
{ data => include_missing($params) };
};
Request:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:5000/signup -d '{"id": 42, "key": "value"}'
Response:
{ "data": { "id": 42, "email": null } }
You can define validations and coercion options for your parameters using a "params" in Raisin block.
Parameters can requires
value or can be optional
.
optional
parameters can have default value.
params(
requires('name', type => Str),
optional('count', type => Int, default => 10),
);
get sub {
my $params = shift;
"$params->{count}: $params->{name}";
};
Note that default values will NOT be passed through to any validation options specified.
Available arguments:
- name
- type
- default
- desc
- regex
- in
Use a keyword group
to define a group of parameters which is enclosed to
the parent HashRef
parameter.
params(
requires('name', type => HashRef, group {
requires('first_name', type => Str),
requires('last_name', type => Str),
})
)
Use ArrayRef[*]
types from your compatible type library to define arrays.
requires('list', type => ArrayRef[Int], desc => 'List of integers')
Raisin supports Moo(se)-compatible type constraint so you can use any of the Moose, Moo or Type::Tiny type constraints.
By default Raisin depends on Type::Tiny and it's Types::Standard type contraint library.
You can create your own types as well. See Type::Tiny::Manual and Moose::Manual::Types.
Those blocks can be executed before or/and after every API call, using
before
, after
, before_validation
and after_validation
.
Callbacks execute in the following order:
- before
- before_validation
- after_validation
- after
The block applies to every API call
before sub {
my $self = shift;
say $self->req->method . "\t" . $self->req->path;
};
after_validation sub {
my $self = shift;
say $self->res->body;
};
Steps after_validation
and after
are executed only if validation succeeds.
Every callback has only one argument as an input parameter which is Raisin object. For more information of available methods see "CONTROLLER" in Raisin.
By default, Raisin supports YAML
, JSON
, and TEXT
content types.
Default format is YAML
.
Response format can be determined by Accept header
or route extension
.
Serialization takes place automatically. So, you do not have to call
encode_json
in each JSON
API implementation.
Your API can declare to support only one serializator by using "api_format" in Raisin.
Custom formatters for existing and additional types can be defined with a Raisin::Encoder/Raisin::Decoder.
-
JSON
Call
JSON::encode_json
andJSON::decode_json
. -
YAML
Call
YAML::Dump
andYAML::Load
. -
Text
Call
Data::Dumper->Dump
if output data is not a string.
The order for choosing the format is the following.
- Use the route extension.
- Use the value of the
Accept
header. - Fallback to default.
Raisin has a built-in logger and supports for Log::Dispatch
.
You can enable it by:
plugin 'Logger', outputs => [['Screen', min_level => 'debug']];
Or use Raisin::Logger with a fallback
option:
plugin 'Logger', fallback => 1;
The plugin registers a log
subroutine to Raisin. Below are examples of
how to use it.
app->log(debug => 'Debug!');
app->log(warn => 'Warn!');
app->log(error => 'Error!');
app
is a Raisin instance, so you can use $self
instead of app
where
it is possible.
You can see application routes with the following command:
$ raisin examples/pod-synopsis-app/darth.pl
GET /user
GET /user/all
POST /user
GET /user/:id
DELETE /user/:id
PUT /user/:id
GET /echo
Including parameters:
$ raisin --params examples/pod-synopsis-app/darth.pl
GET /user
start Int{0}
count Int{10}
GET /user/all
POST /user
*name Str
*password Str
email Str
GET /user/:id
*id Int
DELETE /user/:id
*id Int
PUT /user/:id
*id Int
GET /echo
*data Any{ΡΠΉ}
Swagger compatible API documentations.
plugin 'Swagger';
Documentation will be available on http://<url>/swagger.json
URL.
So you can use this URL in Swagger UI.
You can easily add any Plack middleware to your application using
middleware
keyword. See "middleware" in Raisin.
Raisin can be extended using custom modules. Each new module must be a subclass
of the Raisin::Plugin
namespace. Modules' job is to initialize and register new
methods into the web application class.
For more see "plugin" in Raisin and Raisin::Plugin.
See Plack::Test, Test::More and etc.
my $app = Plack::Util::load_psgi("$Bin/../script/raisinapp.pl");
test_psgi $app, sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $res = $cb->(GET '/user');
subtest 'GET /user' => sub {
if (!is $res->code, 200) {
diag $res->content;
BAIL_OUT 'FAILED!';
}
my $got = Load($res->content);
isdeeply $got, $expected, 'Data!';
};
};
Deploying a Raisin application is done the same way any other Plack application is deployed:
$ plackup -E deployment -s Starman app.psgi
use Plack::Builder;
use RaisinApp;
use KelpApp;
builder {
mount '/' => KelpApp->new->run;
mount '/api/rest' => RaisinApp->new;
};
use Plack::Builder;
use Dancer ':syntax';
use Dancer::Handler;
use RaisinApp;
my $dancer = sub {
setting appdir => '/home/dotcloud/current';
load_app 'My::App';
Dancer::App->set_running_app('My::App');
my $env = shift;
Dancer::Handler->init_request_headers($env);
my $req = Dancer::Request->new(env => $env);
Dancer->dance($req);
};
builder {
mount '/' => $dancer;
mount '/api/rest' => RaisinApp->new;
};
use Plack::Builder;
use RaisinApp;
builder {
mount '/' => builder {
enable 'Deflater';
require 'my_mojolicious-lite_app.pl';
};
mount '/api/rest' => RaisinApp->new;
};
See also Plack::Builder, Plack::App::URLMap.
Raisin comes with three instance in example directory:
-
pod-synopsis-app
Basic example.
-
music-app
Shows the possibility of using "present" in Raisin with DBIx::Class and Rose::DB::Object.
-
sample-app
Shows an example of complex application.
- Versioning support;
- Mount API's in any place of
resource
block;
https://github.com/khrt/Raisin
This module was inspired both by Grape and Kelp, which was inspired by Dancer, which in its turn was inspired by Sinatra.
Artur Khabibullin
This software is copyright (c) 2019 by Artur Khabibullin.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.