This is a C++ math library containing classes for vectors, matrices, quaternions, and elements of projective geometric algebra. The specific classes are the following:

• Vector2D – A 2D vector (x, y) that extends to four dimensions as (x, y, 0, 0).
• Vector3D – A 3D vector (x, y, z) that extends to four dimensions as (x, y, z, 0).
• Vector4D – A 4D vector (x, y, z, w).
• Point2D – A 2D point (x, y) that extends to four dimensions as (x, y, 0, 1).
• Point3D – A 3D point (x, y, z) that extends to four dimensions as (x, y, z, 1).
• Matrix2D – A 2×2 matrix.
• Matrix3D – A 3×3 matrix.
• Matrix4D – A 4×4 matrix.
• Transform4D – A 4×4 matrix with fourth row always (0, 0, 0, 1).
• Quaternion – A conventional quaternion xi + yj + zk + w.
• Bivector3D – A 3D bivector x e₂₃ + y e₃₁ + z e₁₂.
• Bivector4D – A 4D bivector (line) v_x e₄₁ + v_y e₄₂ + v_z e₄₃ + m_x e₂₃ + m_y e₃₁ + m_z e₁₂.
• Trivector4D – A 4D trivector (plane) x e₂₃₄ + y e₃₁₄ + z e₁₂₄ + w e₃₂₁.
• Motor4D – A 4D motion operator r_x e₄₁ + r_y e₄₂ + r_z e₄₃ + r_w 𝟙 + u_x e₂₃ + u_y e₃₁ + u_z e₁₂ + u_w.
• Flector4D - A 4D reflection operator s_x e₁ + s_y e₂ + s_z e₃ + s_w e₄ + h_x e₂₃₄ + h_y e₃₁₄ + h_z e₁₂₄ + h_w e₃₂₁.

Vector components can be swizzled using shading-language syntax. As an example, the following expressions are all valid for a Vector3D object v:

• v.x – The x component of v.
• v.xy – A 2D vector having the x and y components of v.
• v.yzx – A 3D vector having the components of v in the order (y, z, x).

Support for repeated components in a swizzle can be enabled by defining TERATHON_SWIZZLE_REPEAT. This is disabled by default because the large number of additional swizzling possibilities increases compile times substantially. Swizzles with repeated components are always const so that it's not possible to assign to them.

Rows, columns, and submatrices can be extracted from matrix objects using a similar syntax. As an example, the following expressions are all valid for a Matrix3D object m:

• m.m12 – The (1,2) entry of m.
• m.row0 – The first row of m.
• m.col1 – The second column of m.
• m.matrix2D – The upper-left 2×2 submatrix of m.
• m.transpose – The transpose of m.

All of the above are generally free operations, with no copying, when their results are consumed by an expression. For more information, see Eric Lengyel's 2018 GDC talk Linear Algebra Upgraded.

The ^ operator is overloaded for cases in which the wedge or antiwedge product can be applied between vectors, bivectors, points, lines, and planes. (Note that ^ has lower precedence than just about everything else, so parentheses will be necessary.)

The library does not provide operators that directly calculate the geometric product and antiproduct because they would tend to generate inefficient code and produce intermediate results having unnecessary types when something like the sandwich product Q ⟇ p ⟇ ~Q appears in an expression. Instead, there are Transform() functions that take some object p for the first parameter and the motor Q with which to transform it for the second parameter.

See Eric Lengyel's Projective Geometric Algebra website for more information about operations among these types.

There is API documentation embedded in the header files. The formatted equivalent can be found in the C4 Engine documentation.

Separate proprietary licenses are available from Terathon Software. Please send an email with details about your particular use case if you are interested.