LiNGAM is a new method for estimating structural equation models or linear Bayesian networks. It is based on using the non-Gaussianity of the data.

• The LiNGAM Project

• Python3
• numpy
• scipy
• scikit-learn
• graphviz
• statsmodels

To install lingam package, use pip as follows:

$ pip install lingam

Tutrial and API reference

This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.

Should you use this package for performing ICA-based LiNGAM algorithm, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• S. Shimizu, P. O. Hoyer, A. Hyvärinen and A. Kerminen. A linear non-gaussian acyclic model for causal discovery. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7: 2003--2030, 2006. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing DirectLiNGAM algorithm, we kindly request you to cite the following two papers:

• S. Shimizu, T. Inazumi, Y. Sogawa, A. Hyvärinen, Y. Kawahara, T. Washio, P. O. Hoyer and K. Bollen. DirectLiNGAM: A direct method for learning a linear non-Gaussian structural equation model. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12(Apr): 1225--1248, 2011. [PDF]
• A. Hyvärinen and S. M. Smith. Pairwise likelihood ratios for estimation of non-Gaussian structural equation models. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 14(Jan): 111--152, 2013. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing LiNGAM for multiple groups, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• S. Shimizu. Joint estimation of linear non-Gaussian acyclic models. Neurocomputing, 81: 104-107, 2012. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing VAR-LiNGAM, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• A. Hyvärinen, K. Zhang, S. Shimizu, and P. O. Hoyer. Estimation of a structural vector autoregression model using non-Gaussianity. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11: 1709-1731, 2010. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing VARMA-LiNGAM, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• Y. Kawahara, S. Shimizu and T. Washio. Analyzing relationships among ARMA processes based on non-Gaussianity of external influences. Neurocomputing, 74(12-13): 2212-2221, 2011. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing estimation of intervention effects on prediction, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• P. Blöbaum and S. Shimizu. Estimation of interventional effects of features on prediction. In Proc. 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP2017), pp. 1--6, Tokyo, Japan, 2017. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing LiNGAM for longitudinal data, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• K. Kadowaki, S. Shimizu, and T. Washio. Estimation of causal structures in longitudinal data using non-Gaussianity. In Proc. 23rd IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP2013), pp. 1--6, Southampton, United Kingdom, 2013. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing BottomUpParceLiNGAM with Algorithm 1 of the paper below except Step 2 for estimating causal orders, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• T. Tashiro, S. Shimizu, A. Hyvärinen, T. Washio. ParceLiNGAM: a causal ordering method robust against latent confounders. Neural computation, 26(1): 57-83, 2014. [PDF]

Should you use this package for performing RCD algorithm, we kindly request you to cite the following paper:

• T. N. Maeda and S. Shimizu. RCD: Repetitive causal discovery of linear non-Gaussian acyclic models with latent confounders. In Proc. 23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS2020), Palermo, Sicily, Italy. PMLR 108:735-745, 2020. [PDF]