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ts-xor

The npm package ts-xor introduces the new mapped type XOR that helps you compose your own custom TypeScript types containing mutually exclusive object keys.

Description

TL;DR

ts-xor implements the well-known exclusive or (a.k.a. XOR) logical operator from boolean algebra:

A B XOR union operator (|) ts-xor
0 0 0 0 ✅ 0 ✅
0 1 1 1 ✅ 1 ✅
1 0 1 1 ✅ 1 ✅
1 1 0 1 ❌ 0 ✅

Why isn't TypeScript's built-in union operator (|) enough?

Typescript's union operator allows combining two object types A and B, into a superset type C which can contain all the keys of both A and B.

But sometimes the requirements dictate that we combine two types with mutually exclusive keys.

For example: assume two objects with with keys A.a and B.b. Given type C = A | B then we want to impose the restriction that we can set either C.a or C.b but never both AND always at least one of the two!

Typescript does not have this feature built-in.

Explained by example

If we use the union operator

type A_OR_B = A | B

then the derived type is shown in VS Code like so:

Resulting type when using the union operator

Whereas if we use XOR:

type A_XOR_B = XOR<A, B>

then the derived type is shown quite differently in VS Code:

Resulting type when using the XOR mapped type

How it works

Notice in the example above, that when using XOR, each union branch of the resulting type contains all keys of one source type plus all keys of the other. At the same time, in each variant, those keys of the other type are defined as optional while additionally they are also typed as undefined.

This trick will not only forbid having keys of both source types defined at the same time (since the type of each key is explicitly undefined), but also allow us to not need to define all keys all of the time since each set of keys is optional on each variant.

Fun fact: The actual TypeScript code for XOR is generated programmatically using the TypeScript Compiler API. 🦾

Installation

In your typescript powered, npm project, run:

npm install -D ts-xor

Usage

import type { XOR } from 'ts-xor'

interface A { a: string }
interface B { b: string }

let test: XOR<A, B>

test = { a: '' }         // OK
test = { b: '' }         // OK
test = { a: '', b: '' }  // error
test = {}                // error

XORing more than two types

If you want to create a type as the product of the logical XOR operation between multiple types (more than two and even up to 200), then just pass them as additional comma-separated generic params.

let test: XOR<A, B, C, D, E, F, ...>

ts-xor can easily handle up to 200 generic params. 💯💯

Pattern 1: Typing a fetcher returning either data or error

Using XOR we can type a function that returns either the data requested from an API or a response object like so:

type FetchResult<P extends object> = XOR<
  { data: P },
  { error: FetchError<P> },
>

Now TypeScript has all the necessary information to infer if FetchResult contains a data or an error key at compile time which results in very clean, yet strictly typed handling code.

data or error intellisense demo

Pattern 2: Typing an API's response shape

Let's assume that we have the following spec for a weather forecast API's response:

  1. A weather forecast object always contains the id and station members
  2. A weather forecast object always contains either a member rain or a member snow, but never both at the same time.
  3. The rain, snow members are objects containing additional forecast accuracy data
  4. The rain, snow members always contain either a member 1h or a member 3h with a number value, but never both keys at the same time.
type ForecastAccuracy = XOR<{ '1h': number }, { '3h': number }>

interface WeatherForecastBase {
  id: number
  station: string
}

interface WeatherForecastWithRain extends WeatherForecastBase {
  rain: ForecastAccuracy
}

interface WeatherForecastWithSnow extends WeatherForecastBase {
  snow: ForecastAccuracy
}

type WeatherForecast = XOR<WeatherForecastWithRain, WeatherForecastWithSnow>

const test: WeatherForecast = {
  id: 1,
  station: 'Acropolis',
  // rain: { '1h': 1 },           // OK
  // rain: { '2h': 1 },           // error
  // rain: { '3h': 1 },           // OK
  // rain: {},                    // error
  // rain: { '1h': 1 , '3h': 3 }, // error
  // lel: { '3h': 1 },            // error
  // rain: { '3h': 1, lel: 1 },   // error
  // snow: { '3h': 1 },           // OK
                                  // error when BOTH `rain` AND `snow` keys are defined at the same time
}

Tests and coverage

The library ts-xor is fully covered with smoke, acceptance and mutation tests against the typescript compiler itself. The tests can be found inside the test folder.

To run all tests locally, execute the following command inside your git-cloned ts-xor folder:

npm run test

Check Also

  • maninak/eslint-config - A batteries-included, plug-n-play, opinionated linter and formater aiming for maximum DX and minimum friction. Supports JS, TS, Vue, JSX, ...

🫶 Follow me on X.

License

MIT License © 2019-PRESENT Kostis Maninakis

ts-xor's People

Contributors

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Watchers

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ts-xor's Issues

Putting XOR inside of a union type allows any key to be used in object

Hello!

Thank you for this great library!

However, putting XOR inside of a union type:

type Creature = (XOR<T1, T2> | string);

allows any key to be used in objects T1 and T2:

import { XOR } from 'ts-xor';


type Person = {
  name: string;
}

type Animal = {
  nickname: string;
}

type Creature = (string | XOR<Person, Animal>);


// GOOD: doesn't throw error
const creature0: Creature = 'Krusty';

// GOOD: doesn't throw error
const creature1: Creature = {
  name: 'Homer',
};

// GOOD: doesn't throw error
const creature2: Creature = {
  nickname: 'Santa\'s Little Helper',
};

// GOOD: throws error
const creature3: Creature = {
  name: 'Homer',
  nickname: 'Santa\'s Little Helper',
};

// BAD: doesn't throw error
const creature4: Creature = {
  name: 'Homer',
  foo: true,
};

// BAD: doesn't throw error
const creature5: Creature = {
  nickname: 'Santa\'s Little Helper',
  foo: true,
};

Could you please elaborate on this behavior? Is it expected? Thanks.

XOR based on keys

Hello, thanks for this utility type. However, my usecase is usually to create a type of an object where only certain keys of that same object are mutually exclusive. I wonder if there's any interested to include a type for this? I know it's quite easily possible by creating new types of the object (using omit for instance), but an "API" like this would be a bit easier:

type MutuallyExclusive<T, U extends keyof T> = ...

type BaseButtonProps = {
    primary?: boolean
    destructive?: boolean
    secondary?: boolean
    type: string
}

type ButtonProps = MutuallyExclusive<BaseButtonProps, 'primary' | 'secondary' | 'destructive'>

I created a helper type for this. I've done limited testing, but it seems to work for my use case at least. Would this be something that would be useful to include in this repo?

type MutuallyExlusive<T extends object, U extends keyof T> = Prettify<
    T &
        {
            [K in U]: WithoutObj<Pick<T, U>, Pick<T,K>> & T
        }[U]
>

Import error "The current file is a CommonJS module [...] the referenced file is an ECMAScript module [...]"

Using TS 5.2 I got

src/services/common/BaseApiConfig.ts:1:15 - error TS2305: Module '"ts-xor"' has no exported member 'XOR'.

1 import type { XOR } from 'ts-xor';
                ~~~

src/services/common/BaseApiConfig.ts:1:26 - error TS1479: The current file is a CommonJS module whose imports will produce 'require' calls; however, the referenced file is an ECMAScript module and cannot be imported with 'require'. Consider writing a dynamic 'import("ts-xor")' call instead.
  To convert this file to an ECMAScript module, change its file extension to '.mts', or add the field `"type": "module"` to '/Users/volker/PhpstormProjects/bap-esim/package.json'.

1 import type { XOR } from 'ts-xor';
                           ~~~~~~~~

tsconfig compiler options look like

    "target": "es2022",
    "module": "Node16",
    "outDir": "dist",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "incremental": true,
    "declaration": true,
    "removeComments": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "typeRoots": ["./src/types", "node_modules/@types"],
    "allowJs": false,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    "baseUrl": "src",
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "importHelpers": true,
    "noEmit": false,
    "pretty": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,

    "strict": false,
    "alwaysStrict": true,
    "strictBindCallApply": true,

An in-range update of rimraf is breaking the build 🚨

The devDependency rimraf was updated from 2.6.3 to 2.7.0.

🚨 View failing branch.

This version is covered by your current version range and after updating it in your project the build failed.

rimraf is a devDependency of this project. It might not break your production code or affect downstream projects, but probably breaks your build or test tools, which may prevent deploying or publishing.

Status Details
  • continuous-integration/travis-ci/push: The Travis CI build failed (Details).

Commits

The new version differs by 2 commits.

  • 250ee15 2.7.0
  • dc1682d feat: make it possible to omit glob dependency

See the full diff

FAQ and help

There is a collection of frequently asked questions. If those don’t help, you can always ask the humans behind Greenkeeper.


Your Greenkeeper Bot 🌴

Add tests

  • define and implement acceptance tests against the compiler
  • come up with and implement mutant tests against compiler
  • setup a testing procedure hooked up with npm test

Notes:
Some early ideas to be incorporated when working for the above in this TS code-pen

Typescript cannot infer properties are not undefined upon reference

Not sure if this is a bug. This type works as intended for assignment. However:

interface Code {
    code: string;
}

interface Token {
    token: string;
}

type CodeOrToken = XOR<Code, Token>;

const codeOrToken : CodeOrToken = {
    code: 'code'
}

declare function doSomethingWithCode(code: Code) {}

declare function doSomethingWithToken(token: Token) {}

function doSomething(codeOrToken: CodeOrToken) {
    codeOrToken.token
    ? doSomethingWithToken(codeOrToken)
    : doSomethingWithCode(codeOrToken); <-- TS error
}

The last line has the TS error:

Argument of type '(Without<Code, Token> & Token) | (Without<Token, Code> & Code)' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Code'.
  Type 'Without<Code, Token> & Token' is not assignable to type 'Code'.
    Types of property 'code' are incompatible.
      Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'string'.

Likewise:

declare function doSomethingWithCode(code: string) {}

declare function doSomethingWithToken(token: string) {}

function doSomething(codeOrToken: CodeOrToken) {
    codeOrToken.token
    ? doSomethingWithToken(codeOrToken.token)
    : doSomethingWithCode(codeOrToken.code); <-- Error
}

Produces the error:

Argument of type 'string | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
  Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'string'.

Can anything be done about this?

Use `//@ts-expect-error` to simplify testing approach

  • Use //@ts-expect-error inside *.fail.test files to mark "rejected" test cases and simplify (delete altogether?) unit testing shell script.
  • Consider renaming all tests to just *.test if the extra context on the filename is obsolete
  • Keep current behavior where our test runner continues testing subsequent suits after a failing suit and prints out each one that failed

Action required: Greenkeeper could not be activated 🚨

🚨 You need to enable Continuous Integration on Greenkeeper branches of this repository. 🚨

To enable Greenkeeper, you need to make sure that a commit status is reported on all branches. This is required by Greenkeeper because it uses your CI build statuses to figure out when to notify you about breaking changes.

Since we didn’t receive a CI status on the greenkeeper/initial branch, it’s possible that you don’t have CI set up yet. We recommend using Travis CI, but Greenkeeper will work with every other CI service as well.

If you have already set up a CI for this repository, you might need to check how it’s configured. Make sure it is set to run on all new branches. If you don’t want it to run on absolutely every branch, you can whitelist branches starting with greenkeeper/.

Once you have installed and configured CI on this repository correctly, you’ll need to re-trigger Greenkeeper’s initial pull request. To do this, please click the 'fix repo' button on account.greenkeeper.io.

Let `XOR` take multiple arguments?

There is a nice example of how to use this with more than two types:

// example1.ts

import type { XOR } from https://github.com/maninak/ts-xor

interface A {
  a: string
}

interface B {
  b: string
}

interface C {
  c: string
}

let test: XOR<A, XOR<B, C>>

test = { a: '' }         // OK
test = { b: '' }         // OK
test = { c: '' }         // OK
test = { a: '', c: '' }  // rejected
test = {}                // rejected

Is there a possibility to make the helper more dynamic so you can pass more than two arguments to this helper such as:

type A = { a: string }
type B = { a: string }
type C = { a: string }
type D = { a: string }

let test: XOR<A, B, C, D>

test = { a: '' } // OK
test = { b: '' } // OK
test = { c: '' } // OK
test = { d: '' } // OK
test = { a: '', b: '' } // Rejected
test = {} // Rejected

I'm not a TS expert but isn't there away to spread types using the spread syntax? (...)

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