Life is fascinating and deeply intriguing. Despite so, life forms on Earth or carbon-based life forms as a group is just one form, one possible sample of possibly a whole magnitude of life. Even then, there are many aspects of life that cannot be deciphered even by examining current life forms; for example, how did chemical reactions organize themselves into biochemical pathways? How did life start? How is intelligence formed?

To answer such questions, we will have to restart our evolutionary time to the very beginning - clearly an impossibly gargantuan task. At the same time, studying biological/carbon-based life forms is expensive, time consuming and destructive. As a molecular biologist, there is no way I can examine the entire genome of even a bacteria in an inanimate state, then somehow allow it to continue living as if time had just stopped while I am examining it.

However, if I can simulate a bacteria or any life form in a computer, then I can make a digital copy of the bacterium, pull it apart to study it while the original bacterium continues "living" in my virtual world without even knowing that it had been duplicated. Many biologists thought of virtual life forms as a new way to learn about life itself. Studying of virtual life forms is known as Artificial Life and I term "virtual life forms" as "digital organisms". There are several advantages in experimenting using digital organisms. Firstly, generation time can be much faster compared to most biological life. Secondly, it is usually cheaper to examine computer simulations than working on actual biological life. Perhaps the most important advantage of looking at life from this perspective is that by recreating life in a different medium, we are not limited to our own system of carbon-based life; hence, studying life as what-it-could-be.

Digital Organisms Simulation Environment (DOSE) is essentially a virtual world simulator for studying digital organisms. I will argue that digital organisms are considered living organisms (Koh and Ling, 2013). Despite so, being a molecular biologist by training, I have a hard time mapping components of digital organisms into biological life whenever such components are too abstract.

Hence, I decided to design an artificial life / digital organism simulator that bears resemblance to biological life and ecology. These are the foundation papers:

Lim, JZR, Aw, ZQ, Goh, DJW, How, JA, Low, SXZ, Loo, BZL, Ling, MHT. 2010. A genetic algorithm framework 
grounded in biology. The Python Papers Source Codes 2: 6.

This manuscript describes the implementation of a GA framework that uses biological hierarchy - from 
chromosomes to organisms to population.

Ling, MHT. 2012. An Artificial Life Simulation Library Based on Genetic Algorithm, 3-Character Genetic 
Code and Biological Hierarchy. The Python Papers 7: 5. 

Genetic algorithm (GA) is inspired by biological evolution of genetic organisms by optimizing the genotypic 
combinations encoded within each individual with the help of evolutionary operators, suggesting that GA may 
be a suitable model for studying real-life evolutionary processes. This paper describes the design of a 
Python library for artificial life simulation, Digital Organism Simulation Environment (DOSE), based on GA 
and biological hierarchy starting from genetic sequence to population. A 3-character instruction set that 
does not take any operand is introduced as genetic code for digital organism. This mimics the 3-nucleotide 
codon structure in naturally occurring DNA. In addition, the context of a 3-dimensional world composing of 
ecological cells is introduced to simulate a physical ecosystem.

Ling, MHT. 2012. Ragaraja 1.0: The Genome Interpreter of Digital Organism Simulation Environment (DOSE). 
The Python Papers Source Codes 4: 2.

This manuscript describes the implementation and test of Ragaraja instruction set version 1.0, which is the 
core genomic interpreter of DOSE.

From this foundation, the complete suite of Digital Organisms Simulation Environment (DOSE) can be build.