skysat_stereo

Tools and libraries for processing Planet SkySat imagery, including camera model refinement, stereo reconstruction, and orthomosaic production

Introduction

Planet operates a constellation of 19 SkySat-C SmallSats, which can acquire very-high-resolution (0.7 m to 0.9 m) triplet stereo and continuous video imagery with short revisit times. This provides an excellent opportunity to derive on-demand, high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for any point on the Earth's surface, with broad applications for Earth science research. However, the quality of these DEMs is currently limited by the geolocation accuracy of the default SkySat camera models, and few existing photogrammetry tools can process the SkySat images.

Purpose

We developed automated workflows to refine the SkySat camera models and produce accurate DEMs and orthomosaics. For additional details on the workflow and evaluation of output products, please see the corresponding open-access publication in the ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. This repository contains all tools and libraries as a supplement to the published manuscript.

This project is under active development and we welcome contributions (information for contributors forthcoming) and preliminary feedback from early visitors (you) :)

Contents

skysat_stereo - libraries used throughout the processing workflow

• asp_utils.py - library of functions involving components of the NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline
• skysat.py - library of functions specific for SkySat processing
• misc_geospatial.py - miscelaneous functions for geospatial analysis and image processing

scripts - command line utilities for the SkySat processing workflow.

1. skysat_overlap.py - identifies overlapping scenes
2. skysat_preprocess.py - prepares subset of video scenes, generates frame camera models
3. ba_skysat.py - bundle adjustment and camera refinement
4. skysat_stereo_cli.py - stereo reconstruction
5. skysat_dem_mos.py - generates DEM composites with relative accuracy and count metrics
6. skysat_pc_cam.py - point clouds gridding, DEM co-registration, export updated frame and RPC camera models
7. skysat_orthorectify.py - orthorectify individual scenes and produce orthoimage mosaics
8. plot_disparity.py - visualize DEM, disparity map, stereo triangulation intersection error map
9. skysat_triplet_pipeline.py - wrapper script for end to end triplet stereo processing workflow
10. skysat_video_pipeline.py - wrapper script for end to end video stereo processing workflow

notebooks - notebooks used during analysis and figure preparation

Sample products

SkySat Triplet Stereo

Figure 1: Orthoimage mosaic and DEM composite generated from a SkySat triplet stereo collection over Mt. Rainier, WA, USA. These final products were derived from L1B imagery that is © Planet, 2019 (Planet Team, 2017).

Figure 2: Relative and absolute accuracy before (using Planet RPCs) and after the skysat_stereo correction workflow.

SkySat Video

Figure 3: Sample products from SkySat video collection over Mt. St. Helen's crater (after skysat_stereo correction workflow). These final products were derived from L1A imagery that is © Planet, 2019 (Planet Team, 2017).

Dependencies

• See environment.yml file for complete list of Python packages with pinned version numbers.
• NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline v 2.7.0

Installation

Please see the install instructions.

Notes:

• These tools were developed and tested on a dedicated Broadwell node on the NASA Pleiades supercomputer, running SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
• Many tools use parallel threads and/or processes, and the hardcoded number of threads and processes were tuned based on the available resources (28 CPUs, 128 GB RAM). Some utilities should autoscale based on available resources, but others may require modifications for optimization on other systems.
• The code should work for *nix platforms. We have not tested on Windows.

License

This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT License.

Citation

If you use this code and/or derived products in a scientific publication, please cite:

• Bhushan, S., Shean, D., Alexandrov, O., & Henderson, S. (2021). Automated digital elevation model (DEM) generation from very-high-resolution Planet SkySat triplet stereo and video imagery. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 173, 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.12.012.
• Shashank Bhushan, David Shean, Oleg Alexandrov, & Scott Henderson. (2021, January 7). uw-cryo/skysat_stereo: Zenodo doi revision updates (Version 0.2). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422248

Funding and Acknowledgments

• This research was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program (THP) and the NASA Cryosphere Program. Shashank Bhushan was supported by a NASA FINESST award (80NSSC19K1338) and the NASA HiMAT project (NNX16AQ88G). David Shean, Oleg Alexandrov and Scott Henderson were supported by NASA THP award 80NSSC18K1405. SkySat tasking, data access, and supplemental support was provided under the NASA Commercial Smallsat Data Acquisition Program 2018 Pilot Study
• We acknowledge Compton J. Tucker and others at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA Headquarters for coordinating the Commercial Satellite Data Access Program Pilot and assisting with prelimnary SkySat tasking campaigns. Paris Good at Planet provided invaluable assistance with data acquisition and facilitated discussions with Planet engineering teams. Thanks are also due to Ross Losher, Antonio Martos, Kelsey Jordahl and others at Planet for initial guidance on SkySat-C sensor specifications and camera models. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. Friedrich Knuth and Michelle Hu provided feedback on initial manuscript outline, code development and documentation. We also acknowledge input from the larger ASP community during photogrammetry discussions.

References

• Beyer, Ross A., Oleg Alexandrov, and Scott McMichael. 2018. The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA's open source software for deriving and processing terrain data, Earth and Space Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409.
• Shean, D. E., O. Alexandrov, Z. Moratto, B. E. Smith, I. R. Joughin, C. C. Porter, Morin, P. J. 2016. An automated, open-source pipeline for mass production of digital elevation models (DEMs) from very high-resolution commercial stereo satellite imagery. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.012.
• Ross Beyer, Oleg Alexandrov, ScottMcMichael, Michael Broxton, Mike Lundy, Kyle Husmann, … jlaura. (2020, July 28). NeoGeographyToolkit/StereoPipeline 2.7.0 (Version 2.7.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3963341
• Planet application program interface: In space for life on earth. San Francisco, CA. https://api.planet.com.