The libxml gem provides Ruby language bindings for GNOME’s Libxml2 XML toolkit. It is free software, released under the MIT License.

We think libxml-ruby is the best XML library for Ruby because:

• Speed - Its much faster than REXML and Hpricot

• Features - It provides an amazing number of featues

• Conformance - It passes all 1800+ tests from the OASIS XML Tests Suite

libxml-ruby requires Ruby 1.8.4 or higher. It is dependent on the following libraries to function properly:

• libm (math routines: very standard)

• libz (zlib)

• libiconv

• libxml2

If you are running Linux or Unix you’ll need a C compiler so the extension can be compiled when it is installed. If you are running Windows, then install the Windows specific RubyGem which includes an already built extension.

The easiest way to install libxml-ruby is via Ruby Gems. To install:

gem install libxml-ruby

If you are running Windows, make sure to install the Win32 RubyGem which includes prebuilt extensions for Ruby 1.8 and Ruby 1.9. These extensions are built with MinGW32 against libxml2 version 2.7.8, iconv version 1.13 and zlib version 1.2.5. Note these binaries are available in the liblibs directory. To use them, put them someplace on your path.

The gem also includes a Microsoft VC++ 2010 solution (useful for debugging).

Using libxml is easy. First decide what parser you want to use:

• Generally you’ll want to use the LibXML::XML::Parser which provides a tree based API.

• For larger documents that don’t fit into memory, or if you prefer an input based API, use the LibXML::XML::Reader.

• To parse HTML files use LibXML::XML::HTMLParser.

• If you are masochistic, then use the LibXML::XML::SaxParser, which provides a callback API.

Once you have chosen a parser, choose a datasource. Libxml can parse files, strings, URIs and IO streams. For each data source you can specify an LibXML::XML::Encoding, a base uri and various parser options. For more information, refer the LibXML::XML::Parser.document, LibXML::XML::Parser.file, LibXML::XML::Parser.io or LibXML:::XML::Parser.string methods (the same methods are defined on all four parser classes).

Beyond the basics of parsing and processing XML and HTML documents, libxml provides a wealth of additional functionality.

Most commonly, you’ll want to use its LibXML::XML::XPath support, which makes it easy to find data inside a XML document. Although not as popular, LibXML::XML::XPointer provides another API for finding data inside an XML document.

Often times you’ll need to validate data before processing it. For example, if you accept user generated content submitted over the Web, you’ll want to verify that it does not contain malicious code such as embedded scripts. This can be done using libxml’s powerful set of validators:

• DTDs (LibXML::XML::Dtd)

• Relax Schemas (LibXML::XML::RelaxNG)

• XML Schema (LibXML::XML::Schema)

Finally, if you’d like to use XSL Transformations to process data, then install the libxslt gem which is available at rubyforge.org/projects/libxsl/.

For information about using libxml-ruby please refer to its documentation at xml4r.github.com/libxml-ruby/rdoc/index.html Some tutorials are also available at github.com/xml4r/libxml-ruby/wiki.

All libxml classes are in the LibXML::XML module. The easiest way to use libxml is to require ‘xml’. This will mixin the LibXML module into the global namespace, allowing you to write code like this:

require 'xml'
document = XML::Document.new

However, when creating an application or library you plan to redistribute, it is best to not add the LibXML module to the global namespace, in which case you can either write your code like this:

require 'libxml'
document = LibXML::XML::Document.new

Or you can utilize a namespace for you own work and include LibXML into it. For example:

require 'libxml'

mdoule MyApplication
  include LibXML

  class MyClass
    def some_method
      document = XML::Document.new
    end
  end
end

For simplicity’s sake, the documentation uses the xml module in its examples.

libxml-ruby automatically manages memory associated with the underlying libxml2 library. There is however one corner case that your code must handle. If a node is imported into a document, but not added to the document, a segmentation fault may occur on program termination.

# Do NOT do this
require 'xml'
doc1 = XML::Document.string("test1")
doc2 = XML::Document.string("test2")
node = doc2.import(doc1.root)

If doc2 is freed before node2 a segmentatin fault will occur since node2 references the document. To avoid this, simply make sure to add the node to the document:

# DO this instead
doc1 = XML::Document.string("test1")
doc2 = XML::Document.string("test2")
doc2.root << doc2.import(doc1.root)

Alternatively, you can call node2.remove! to disassociate node2 from doc2.

libxml-ruby fully supports native, background Ruby threads. This of course only applies to Ruby 1.9.x and higher since earlier versions of Ruby do not support native threads.

In addition to being feature rich and conformation, the main reason people use libxml-ruby is for performance. Here are the results of a couple simple benchmarks recently blogged about on the Web (you can find them in the benchmark directory of the libxml distribution).

From depixelate.com/2008/4/23/ruby-xml-parsing-benchmarks

              user     system      total        real
libxml    0.032000   0.000000   0.032000 (  0.031000)
Hpricot   0.640000   0.031000   0.671000 (  0.890000)
REXML     1.813000   0.047000   1.860000 (  2.031000)

From svn.concord.org/svn/projects/trunk/common/ruby/xml_benchmarks/

              user     system      total        real
libxml    0.641000   0.031000   0.672000 (  0.672000)
hpricot   5.359000   0.062000   5.421000 (  5.516000)
rexml    22.859000   0.047000  22.906000 ( 23.203000)

Documentation is available via rdoc, and is installed automatically with the gem.

libxml-ruby’s online documentation is generated using Hanna. To generate documentation from source:

gem install hanna
rake rdoc

Note that older versions of Rdoc, which ship with Ruby 1.8.x, will report a number of errors. To avoid them, install Rdoc 2.1 or higher from RubyForge (rdoc.rubyforge.org/). Once you have installed the gem, you’ll have to disable the version of Rdoc that Ruby 1.8.x includes. An easy way to do that is rename the directory uby/lib/ruby/1.8/rdoc to ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/rdoc_old.

If you have any questions about using libxml-ruby, please send them to [email protected]. If you have found any bugs in libxml-devel, or have developed new patches, please submit them to Git Hub at github.com/xml4r/libxml-ruby/issues.

See LICENSE for license information.