untracked	unmodified	modified	staged
   |----------------|---------------|----------->>>|	add the file
   |                |------------>>>|              |	edit the file
   |                |               |----------->>>|	stage the file
   |<<<-------------|               |              |	remove the file
   |                |<<<------------|--------------|	commit

The 'git config' can be stored in three diferent places:

• /etc/gitconfig file; contains values for every user on the system, if you pass the option '--system' to 'git config', it reads and writes from this file;
• ~/.gitconfig or ~/.config/git/config file: specific to your user, if you pass the option '--global' to 'git config', it reads and writes from this file;
• config file in the git repository (that is .git/config on each project), specific to that single repository; Each level overrides values in the previos level;

$ git config --global user.name "Mauricio Orozimbro de Souza"  
$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

$ git config --list

$ git status

$ git status -s

$ git diff
$ git difftool
$ git difftool --tool-help  
$ git difftool --tool=winmerge  

$ git commit: will open your default editor (git config --global core.editor) to you add your commit message
$ git commit -m <your message>: commit of all files on stage area
$ git commit -a -m <your message>: stage and commit all MODIFIED AND TRACKED files
$ git commit --amend: increases the last commit

$ git rm <file>: remove file from stage and working directory
$ git rm --cached <file>: remove file only from stage area, useful if you forgot to add something to yout .gitgnore
$ git rm log/\*.log: you can pass files, directories and file-glob patterns to git rm

This command rename files on git, if you only rename the file on your filesystem, git will see a DELETE (old name) and ADD (new file) of files. With this command de file is renamed and staged.
$ git mv rm-file.txt remove-file.txt

$ git log			# list all log from the last until the first
$ git log -p -2			# -p: show difference, -2: only the last two commits
$ git log --since=2.weeks	# --since=2.weeks: commits made in the last two weeks
$ git log -S<funcion_name>	# -S: list commits that changed a specific function/word
$ git log --stat		# --stat: some abbreviated stats for each commit
$ git log --graph		# --graph: show ASCII graph of your branch history 
$ git log --pretty=oneline	# --pretty=oneline: show each commit on only one line, others ptions: short, full, fuller
$ git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar : %s" # see below options 

author: who originally wrote the work
committer: who last applied the work

$ git reset HEAD <file>: remove a file from staging area

$ git checkout -- <file>: revert file changes in working directory (keep in mind, it is a dangerous command)

There are two main types of tags: lightweight and annotated $ git tag
$ git tag -l 'v1.8.5*'
$ git tag -a v1.0 -m 'my version 1.0': '-a' is an annotated tag, -m is the message to tag $ git tag v1.1-lw: this is an tag of type lightweight $ git tag v0.5 e037d8e49: tag an old commit, useful if you forgot to tag an old commit

$ git remote: list de name of each remote available on local repository
$ git remote -v: show the URLs that git has stored for each remote
$ git remote add bitbucket https://[email protected]/orozimbro/git-pro-book.git: add new remote
$ git remote show <remote>: show details about the remote repository
$ git remote rename bitbucket bb: rename the remote 'bitbuclet' do 'bb' (type git remote) $ git remote rm <remote>: remove a remote repository

$ git fetch <remote>: pull changes from repository