OWASP dep-scan is a next-generation security and risk audit tool based on known vulnerabilities, advisories, and license limitations for project dependencies. Both local repositories and container images are supported as the input, and the tool is ideal for integration with ASPM/VM platforms and in CI environments.
- Features
- Usage
- Supported languages and package format
- Reachability analysis
- Customization through environment variables
- GitHub Security Advisory
- Suggest mode
- Package Risk audit
- Live OS scan
- License scan
- Kubernetes and Cloud apps
- PDF reports
- Custom reports
- Performance tuning
- Discord support
- License
- Scan most application code - local repos, Linux container images, Kubernetes manifests, and OS - to identify known CVEs with prioritization
- Perform advanced reachability analysis for multiple languages (See reachability analysis)
- Package vulnerability scanning is performed locally and is quite fast. No server is used!
- Generate Software Bill-of-Materials (SBOM) with Vulnerability Disclosure Report (VDR) information
- Generate a Common Security Advisory Framework (CSAF) 2.0 VEX document (check out the CSAF Readme)
- Perform deep packages risk audit for dependency confusion attacks and maintenance risks (See risk audit)
- OSV
- NVD
- GitHub
- NPM
- Linux vuln-list
- AlmaLinux
- Debian
- Alpine
- Amazon Linux
- Arch Linux
- RHEL/CentOS
- Rocky Linux
- Ubuntu
- OpenSUSE/SLES
- Photon
- Chainguard
- Wolfi OS
Application vulnerabilities would be reported for all Linux distros and Windows. To download the full vulnerability database suitable for scanning OS, invoke dep-scan with --cache for the first time. dep-scan would also download the appropriate database based on project type automatically.
dep-scan is ideal for use during continuous integration (CI) and as a local development tool.
Use ORAS cli to download the vulnerability database for effortless integration. Example workflow is here.
export VDB_HOME=depscan
mkdir -p $VDB_HOME
oras pull ghcr.io/appthreat/vdb:v5 -o $VDB_HOME
# oras pull ghcr.io/appthreat/vdb-10y:v5 -o $VDB_HOME
oras pull ghcr.io/owasp-dep-scan/depscan:v4 -o $VDB_HOMEUse vdb-10y which is a larger database with vulnerability data spanning the last 10 years from 2014. In contrast, vdb with a starting year of 2018 is appropriate for most users.
Download the executable binary for your operating system from the releases page. These binary bundle the following:
- dep-scan with Python 3.11
- cdxgen with Node.js 21
- cdxgen binary plugins
curl -LO https://github.com/owasp-dep-scan/depscan-bin/releases/latest/download/depscan-linux-amd64
chmod +x depscan-linux-amd64
./depscan-linux-amd64 --helpOn Windows,
curl -LO https://github.com/owasp-dep-scan/depscan-bin/releases/latest/download/depscan.exe
.\depscan.exe --helpdep-scan and cdxgen could be run in server mode. Use the included docker-compose file to get started.
git clone https://github.com/owasp-dep-scan/dep-scan
docker compose updepscan --server --server-host 0.0.0.0 --server-port 7070In server mode, use /cache endpoint to cache the vulnerability database.
# This would take over 5 minutes
curl http://0.0.0.0:7070/cacheUse the /scan endpoint to perform scans.
Note
The type parameter is mandatory in server mode.
- Scanning a local directory.
curl --json '{"path": "/tmp/vulnerable-aws-koa-app", "type": "js"}' http://0.0.0.0:7070/scan- Scanning a SBOM file (present locally).
curl --json '{"path": "/tmp/vulnerable-aws-koa-app/sbom_file.json", "type": "js"}' http://0.0.0.0:7070/scan- Scanning a GitHub repo.
curl --json '{"url": "https://github.com/HooliCorp/vulnerable-aws-koa-app", "type": "js"}' http://0.0.0.0:7070/scan -o app.vdr.json- Uploading a SBOM file and generating results based on it.
curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' -F 'file=@/tmp/app/sbom_file.json' http://0.0.0.0:7070/scan?type=jssudo npm install -g @cyclonedx/cdxgen
pip install owasp-depscanThis would install two commands called cdxgen and depscan.
You can invoke the scan command directly with the various options.
cd <project to scan>
depscan --src $PWD --reports-dir $PWD/reportsThe full list of options is below:
usage: cli.py [-h] [--no-banner] [--cache] [--csaf] [--sync] [--profile {appsec,research,operational,threat-modeling,license-compliance,generic}] [--no-suggest] [--risk-audit] [--private-ns PRIVATE_NS] [-t PROJECT_TYPE] [--bom BOM]
[-i SRC_DIR_IMAGE] [-o REPORT_FILE] [--reports-dir REPORTS_DIR] [--report-template REPORT_TEMPLATE] [--report-name REPORT_NAME] [--no-error] [--no-license-scan] [--deep] [--no-universal] [--no-vuln-table]
[--threatdb-server THREATDB_SERVER] [--threatdb-username THREATDB_USERNAME] [--threatdb-password THREATDB_PASSWORD] [--threatdb-token THREATDB_TOKEN] [--server] [--server-host SERVER_HOST] [--server-port SERVER_PORT]
[--cdxgen-server CDXGEN_SERVER] [--debug] [--explain] [--reachables-slices-file REACHABLES_SLICES_FILE] [-v]
Fully open-source security and license audit for application dependencies and container images based on known vulnerabilities and advisories.
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--no-banner Do not display banner
--cache Cache vulnerability information in platform specific user_data_dir
--csaf Generate a OASIS CSAF VEX document
--sync Sync to receive the latest vulnerability data. Should have invoked cache first.
--profile {appsec,research,operational,threat-modeling,license-compliance,generic}
Profile to use while generating the BOM.
--no-suggest Disable suggest mode
--risk-audit Perform package risk audit (slow operation). Npm only.
--private-ns PRIVATE_NS
Private namespace to use while performing oss risk audit. Private packages should not be available in public registries by default. Comma separated values accepted.
-t PROJECT_TYPE, --type PROJECT_TYPE
Override project type if auto-detection is incorrect
--bom BOM Examine using the given Software Bill-of-Materials (SBOM) file in CycloneDX format. Use cdxgen command to produce one.
-i SRC_DIR_IMAGE, --src SRC_DIR_IMAGE
Source directory or container image or binary file
-o REPORT_FILE, --report_file REPORT_FILE
DEPRECATED. Use reports directory since multiple files are created. Report filename with directory
--reports-dir REPORTS_DIR
Reports directory
--report-template REPORT_TEMPLATE
Jinja template file used for rendering a custom report
--report-name REPORT_NAME
Filename of the custom report written to the --reports-dir
--no-error UNUSED: Continue on error to prevent build from breaking
--no-license-scan UNUSED: dep-scan doesn't perform license scanning by default
--deep Perform deep scan by passing this --deep argument to cdxgen. Useful while scanning docker images and OS packages.
--no-universal Depscan would attempt to perform a single universal scan instead of individual scans per language type.
--no-vuln-table Do not print the table with the full list of vulnerabilities. This can help reduce console output.
--threatdb-server THREATDB_SERVER
ThreatDB server url. Eg: https://api.sbom.cx
--threatdb-username THREATDB_USERNAME
ThreatDB username
--threatdb-password THREATDB_PASSWORD
ThreatDB password
--threatdb-token THREATDB_TOKEN
ThreatDB token for token based submission
--server Run depscan as a server
--server-host SERVER_HOST
depscan server host
--server-port SERVER_PORT
depscan server port
--cdxgen-server CDXGEN_SERVER
cdxgen server url. Eg: http://cdxgen:9090
--debug Run depscan in debug mode.
--explain Makes depscan to explain the various analysis. Useful for creating detailed reports.
--reachables-slices-file REACHABLES_SLICES_FILE
Path for the reachables slices file created by atom.
--purl SEARCH_PURL Scan a single package url.
-v, --version Display the versionScan latest tag of the container shiftleft/scan-slim
depscan --cache --src shiftleft/scan-slim -o containertests/depscan-scan.json -t dockerInclude license to the type to perform the license audit.
depscan --cache --src shiftleft/scan-slim -o containertests/depscan-scan.json -t docker,licenseYou can also specify the image using the sha256 digest
depscan --src redmine@sha256:a5c5f8a64a0d9a436a0a6941bc3fb156be0c89996add834fe33b66ebeed2439e -o containertests/depscan-redmine.json -t dockerYou can also save container images using docker or podman save command and pass the archive to depscan for scanning.
docker save -o /tmp/scanslim.tar shiftleft/scan-slim:latest
# podman save --format oci-archive -o /tmp/scanslim.tar shiftleft/scan-slim:latest
depscan --src /tmp/scanslim.tar -o reports/depscan-scan.json -t dockerRefer to the docker tests under the GitHub action workflow for this repo for more examples.
ghcr.io/owasp-dep-scan/dep-scan container image can be used to perform the scan.
To scan with default settings
docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app ghcr.io/owasp-dep-scan/dep-scan --src /app --reports-dir /app/reportsTo scan with custom environment variables based configuration
docker run --rm \
-e VDB_HOME=/db \
-e GITHUB_TOKEN=<token> \
-v /tmp:/db \
-v $PWD:/app ghcr.io/owasp-dep-scan/dep-scan --src /app --reports-dir /app/reportsIn the above example, /tmp is mounted as /db into the container. This directory is then specified as VDB_HOME for caching the vulnerability information. This way the database can be cached and reused to improve performance.
dep-scan uses cdxgen command internally to create a Software Bill-of-Materials (SBOM) file for the project. This is then used for performing the scans.
The following projects and package-dependency format is supported by cdxgen.
| Language | Package format |
|---|---|
| node.js | package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, yarn.lock, rush.js, bower.json, .min.js |
| java | maven (pom.xml [1]), gradle (build.gradle, .kts), scala (sbt), bazel |
| php | composer.lock |
| python | setup.py, requirements.txt [2], Pipfile.lock, poetry.lock, bdist_wheel, .whl, .egg-info |
| go | binary, go.mod, go.sum, Gopkg.lock |
| ruby | Gemfile.lock, gemspec |
| rust | binary, Cargo.toml, Cargo.lock |
| .Net | .csproj, packages.config, project.assets.json [3], packages.lock.json, .nupkg |
| dart | pubspec.lock, pubspec.yaml |
| haskell | cabal.project.freeze |
| elixir | mix.lock |
| c/c++ | conan.lock, conanfile.txt |
| clojure | Clojure CLI (deps.edn), Leiningen (project.clj) |
| docker / oci image | All supported languages and Linux OS packages |
| GitHub Actions Workflows | .github/workflows/*.yml |
| Jenkins Plugins | .hpi files |
| YAML manifests | docker-compose, kubernetes, kustomization, skaffold, tekton etc |
Depscan can perform reachability analysis for Java, JavaScript, TypeScript and Python with built-in support for parsing atom reachables slicing. Simply invoke depscan with the research profile and language type to enable this feature.
To receive a verbose output including the reachable flows, pass the argument --explain
--profile research -t language [--explain]depscan --profile research -t java -i <source directory> --reports-dir <reports directory> --explaindepscan --profile research -t js -i <source directory> --reports-dir <reports directory> --explainEnsure PHP > 7.4 is installed. However, we support scanning PHP 5.2 - 8.3. Alternatively, use the depscan container image.
depscan --profile research -t php -i <source directory> --reports-dir <reports directory> --explain
The following environment variables can be used to customize the behavior.
- VDB_HOME - Directory to use for caching database. For docker-based execution, this directory should get mounted as a volume from the host
- VDB_DATABASE_URL - Vulnerability DB URL. Defaults to: ghcr.io/appthreat/vdbgz:v5
- USE_VDB_10Y - Set to true to use the larger 10-year vulnerability database. Default download url: ghcr.io/appthreat/vdb-10y:v5
To download security advisories from GitHub, a personal access token with minimal permissions is necessary.
- Fine-grained token: Grant no permissions and select the following for repository access:
Public Repositories (read-only) - Token (classic): Grant no permissions
export GITHUB_TOKEN="<PAT token>"Depscan comes with a suggest mode enabled by default to simplify the triaging experience. The fix version for each vulnerability is retrieved from the sources. Sometimes, there might be known vulnerabilities in the fix version reported. Eg: in the below screenshot the fix versions suggested for jackson-databind might contain known vulnerabilities.
Notice, how the new suggested version is 2.9.10.5 which is an optimal fix version. Please note that the optimal fix version may not be the appropriate version for your application based on compatibility.
Pass --no-suggest to disable this behavior.
--risk-audit argument enables package risk audit. Currently, only npm and PyPI packages are supported in this mode. Some risk factors are identified and assigned weights to compute a final risk score. Packages that then exceed a maximum risk score (config.pkg_max_risk_score) are presented in a table.
Use --private-ns to specify the private package namespace that should be checked for dependency confusion type issues where a private package is available on the public npm/pypi registry.
For example, to check if private packages with namespaces @appthreat and @shiftleft are not accidentally made public, use the below argument.
--private-ns appthreat,shiftleft
| Risk category | Default Weight | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| pkg_private_on_public_registry | 4 | Private package is available on a public registry |
| pkg_min_versions | 2 | Packages with less than 3 versions represent an extreme where they could be either super stable or quite recent. Special heuristics are applied to ignore older stable packages |
| mod_create_min_seconds | 1 | Less than 12 hours difference between modified and creation time. This indicates that the upload had a defect that had to be rectified immediately. Sometimes, such a rapid update could also be malicious |
| latest_now_min_seconds | 0.5 | Less than 12 hours difference between the latest version and the current time. Depending on the package such a latest version may or may not be desirable |
| latest_now_max_seconds | 0.5 | Package versions that are over 6 years old are in use. Such packages might have vulnerable dependencies that are known or yet to be found |
| pkg_min_maintainers | 2 | Package has less than 2 maintainers. Many opensource projects have only 1 or 2 maintainers so special heuristics are used to ignore older stable packages |
| pkg_min_users | 0.25 | Package has less than 2 npm users |
| pkg_install_scripts | 2 | Package runs a custom pre or post installation scripts. This is often malicious and a downside of npm. |
| pkg_node_version | 0.5 | Package supports outdated version of node such as 0.8, 0.10, 4 or 6.x. Such projects might have prototype pollution or closure related vulnerabilities |
| pkg_scope | 4 or 0.5 | Packages that are used directly in the application (required scope) gets a score with a weight of 4. Optional packages get a score of 0.25 |
| deprecated | 1 | Latest version is deprecated |
Refer to pkg_query.py::get_category_score method for the risk formula.
A parameter called created_now_quarantine_seconds is used to identify packages that are safely past the quarantine period (1 year). Certain risks such as pkg_min_versions and pkg_min_maintainers are suppressed for packages past the quarantine period. This adjustment helps reduce noise since it is unlikely that a malicious package can exist in a registry unnoticed for over a year.
All parameters can be customized by using environment variables. For eg:
export PKG_MIN_VERSIONS=4 to increase and set the minimum versions category to 4.
By passing -t os, depscan can generate an SBOM for a live operating system or a VM with OS packages and kernel information. Optionally, pass the argument --deep to generate an SBOM with both OS and application packages and to check for application vulnerabilities.
All OS packages.
depscan -t os -i . -o reports/depscan.jsonAll OS and application packages.
depscan -t os --deep -i . -o reports/depscan.jsondep-scan can scan the dependencies for any license limitations and report them directly on the console log. To enable license scanning set the environment variable FETCH_LICENSE to true.
export FETCH_LICENSE=true
The license data is sourced from choosealicense.com and is quite limited. If the license of a given package cannot be reliably matched against this list it will get silently ignored to reduce any noise. This behavior could change in the future once the detection logic gets improved.
dep-scan could auto-detect most cloud applications and Kubernetes manifest files. Pass the argument -t yaml-manifest to manually specify the type.
Ensure wkhtmltopdf is installed or use the official container image to generate pdf reports. Use with --explain for more detailed reports.
dep-scan can be provided with a Jinja template using the --report-template parameter.
Giving it will pass the vulnerability report into your template for rendering the report.
Please find a basic example here:
{% if metadata -%}
Report for {{ metadata.component.group }}:{{ metadata.component.name }}:{{ metadata.component.version }}
{% endif -%}
{% if vulnerabilities -%}
There were {{ vulnerabilities | length }} issues identified:
{% for vuln in vulnerabilities -%}
* {{ vuln['bom-ref'] }} - {{ vuln.recommendation }}
{% endfor -%}
{% else -%}
🏆 _No vulnerabilities found_
{% endif -%}
Severity counts:
* Low: {{ summary.LOW }}
* Medium: {{ summary.MEDIUM }}
* High: {{ summary.HIGH }}
* Critical: {{ summary.CRITICAL }}
* Unspecified: {{ summary.UNSPECIFIED }}The objects available are taken from the CycloneDX *.vdr.json BOM file generated, just have a look at the file for its full structure:
metadatavulnerabilitiescomponentsdependenciesservices
summary is a dictionary type with vulnerability severity quantities as shown in the example above.
pkg_vulnerabilities - Same as vulnerabilities from the VDR
pkg_group_rows - List of vulnerability id and the dependency tree prioritized by depscan.
Furthermore, insights are imaginable to be made available to the template, please reach out or contribute on demand. We appreciate it if you like to contribute your report templates as examples, please add/find them here.
vdb v5 is published in RAFS (Registry Accelerated File System) format with better de-duplication and packing. depscan would automatically use this image if nydus-static binary is available in the PATH.
curl -LO https://github.com/dragonflyoss/nydus/releases/download/v2.2.4/nydus-static-v2.2.4-linux-amd64.tgz
tar -xvf nydus-static-v2.2.4-linux-amd64.tgz
chmod +x nydus-static/*
mv nydus-static/* /usr/local/bin/The developers could be reached via the discord channel for enterprise support.
MIT License
This project was donated to the OWASP Foundation in August 2023 by AppThreat Ltd.
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