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$ sudo usermod -a -G www-data user-account  # 讓網站管理者(login user)的帳號加入 www-data 群組
$ sudo chgrp www-data /var/www  # 改變 /var/www 所屬群組為 www-data
$ sudo chmod 775 /var/www
$ sudo chmod g+s /var/www  # 讓爾後在該目錄下所新增的檔案目錄群組擁有者為 www-data

$ gem install rails -v 5.2

$ ruby -v
ruby 2.4.5p335 (2018-10-18 revision 65137) [x86_64-linux]

$ gem -v
2.7.8

$ gem list --local
*** LOCAL GEMS ***

rails (5.2.0)

$ mysql -u root -p

> CREATE DATABASE redmine CHARACTER SET utf8;
> CREATE USER 'redmine'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'my_password';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON redmine.* TO 'redmine'@'localhost';
> flush privileges;

 $ wget http://www.redmine.org/releases/redmine-4.0.0.tar.gz
 $ tar -zxvf redmine-4.0.0.tar.gz
 $ sudo mv redmine-4.0.0 /usr/local/
 $ sudo ln -s /usr/local/redmine-4.0.0 /usr/local/redmine

 $ cp /usr/local/redmine/config/database.yml.example /usr/local/redmine/config/database.yml
 $ sudo nano /usr/local/redmine/config/database.yml

ex:
production:
  adapter: mysql2
  database: redmine
  host: localhost
  username: redmine
  password: "my_password"
  encoding: utf8

$ gem install bundler -v 1.16.6 ★★★★★★
$ cd /usr/local/redmine
:/usr/local/redmine$ bundle install --without development test postgresql sqlite

:/usr/local/redmine$ bundle exec rake generate_secret_token
:/usr/local/redmine$ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate
:/usr/local/redmine$ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake redmine:load_default_data

/usr/local/redmine$ sudo chown -R user-account:www-data files log tmp public/plugin_assets config.ru
/usr/local/redmine$ sudo chmod -R 755 files log tmp public/plugin_assets

/usr/local/redmine$ ruby script/rails server webrick -e production
ruby: No such file or directory -- script/rails (LoadError)

/usr/local/redmine$ ruby bin/rails server webrick -e production

$ gem install passenger --no-rdoc --no-ri
$ passenger-install-apache2-module

執行 passenger-install-apache2-module 指令時，常會提示有缺失相關的 dependencies 套件，此時只要依照提示的訊息一一安裝即可。記得因為這些套件需要使用 root 權限才可安裝，所以安裝時須加上 sudo apt-get install xxx-package。

<IfModule mod_passenger.c>
     PassengerRoot /home/XXXXX/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.5/gems/passenger-6.0.1
     PassengerDefaultRuby /home/XXXXX/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.5/wrappers/ruby
</IfModule>

LoadModule passenger_module /home/XXXXX/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.5/gems/passenger-6.0.1/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so

$ cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/
$ sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.conf
$ sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.load

$ cd /var/www/
$ rails new testrails
$ ln -s /var/www/testrails/public /var/www/iinfo
$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

$ apache2ctl configtest
$ a2ensite 000-default.conf
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

$ dpkg --get-selections | grep openssl
$ sudo a2enmod ssl

$ openssl genrsa -out myserver.key 2048
$ openssl req -new -key myserver.key -out myserver.csr
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in myserver.csr -signkey myserver.key -out myserver.crt

$ mkdir /var/www/ssl
$ cp myserver.crt /var/www/ssl
$ cp myserver.key /var/www/ssl

$ sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

$ a2ensite 000-default.conf
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

$ sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

$ a2ensite 000-default.conf
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

$ source /home/amyfanpti/.rvm/scripts/rvm

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev imagemagick libmagickwand-dev

sudo apt-get install nodejs

$ gem install bundler -v 1.16.6

o Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-1026-gcp x86_64)。
o Apache 2.4。
o MariaDB 10.0.36。
o Ruby 2.4 (via RVM Installation)。
o Rails 5.2 (via GEM Installation)。
o Redmine 4.0.0 (2018-12-09)。

安裝過程在網路上搜尋了很多網站內容，在這裡不免抱怨一下，關於網路上很多Redmine安裝教學文都是相互抄襲，完全不做驗證，在安裝過程中發生了很多問題卻也不見到有人額外說明，按照這樣安裝文章做的話，多半會卡死在重要的關鍵點上，如安裝路徑設定問題、Server啟動問題等，鑒於此筆者決定從頭一步步將所有元件安裝起來，完成最後的Redmine，中間過程雖然很耗時、很折騰人，但皇天不負苦心人讓筆者可以完成所有的安裝並做紀錄。