Lithops is a Python multi-cloud distributed computing framework. It allows you to run unmodified local python code at massive scale in the main serverless computing platforms. Lithops delivers the user’s code into the cloud without requiring knowledge of how it is deployed and run. Moreover, its multicloud-agnostic architecture ensures portability across cloud providers.

Lithops is specially suited for highly-parallel programs with little or no need for communication between processes, but it also supports parallel applications that need to share state among processes. Examples of applications that run with Lithops include Monte Carlo simulations, deep learning and machine learning processes, metabolomics computations, and geospatial analytics, to name a few.

1. Install Lithops from the PyPi repository:

   pip install lithops

2. Execute a Hello World function:

   lithops hello

Lithops provides an extensible backend architecture (compute, storage) that is designed to work with different Cloud providers and on-premise backends. In this sense, you can code in python and run it unmodified in IBM Cloud, AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, Aliyun and Kubernetes or OpenShift.

Follow these instructions to configure your compute and storage backends

Lithops is shipped with 2 different high-level Compute APIs, and 2 high-level Storage APIs

Futures API	Multiprocessing API
from lithops import FunctionExecutor def hello(name): return f'Hello {name}!' with FunctionExecutor() as fexec: fut = fexec.call_async(hello, 'World') print(fut.result())	from lithops.multiprocessing import Pool def double(i): return i * 2 with Pool() as pool: result = pool.map(double, [1, 2, 3, 4]) print(result)

Storage API	Storage OS API
from lithops import Storage if __name__ == "__main__": st = Storage() st.put_object(bucket='mybucket', key='test.txt', body='Hello World') print(st.get_object(bucket='mybucket', key='test.txt'))	from lithops.storage.cloud_proxy import os if __name__ == "__main__": filepath = 'bar/foo.txt' with os.open(filepath, 'w') as f: f.write('Hello world!') dirname = os.path.dirname(filepath) print(os.listdir(dirname)) os.remove(filepath)

You can find more usage examples in the examples folder.

Lithops is shipped with 3 different modes of execution. The execution mode allows you to decide where and how the functions are executed.

• Localhost Mode

  This mode allows you to execute functions on the local machine using processes, providing a convenient way to leverage Lithops' distributed computing capabilities without relying on cloud resources. This mode is particularly useful for development, testing, and debugging purposes. This is the default mode of execution if no configuration is provided.

• Serverless Mode

  This mode allows you to execute functions on popular serverless compute services, leveraging the scalability, isolation, and automatic resource provisioning provided by these platforms. With serverless mode, you can easily parallelize task execution, harness the elastic nature of serverless environments, and simplify the development and deployment of scalable data processing workloads and parallel applications.

• Standalone Mode

  This mode provides the capability to execute functions on one or multiple virtual machines (VMs) simultaneously, in a serverless-like fashion, without requiring manual provisioning as everything is automatically created. This mode can be used in a private cluster or in the cloud, where functions within each VM are executed using parallel processes.

For documentation on using Lithops, see latest release documentation or current github docs.

If you are interested in contributing, see CONTRIBUTING.md.

• Simplify the developer experience with OpenShift for Big Data processing by using Lithops framework
• Speed-up your Python applications using Lithops and Serverless Cloud resources
• Serverless Without Constraints
• Lithops, a Multi-cloud Serverless Programming Framework
• CNCF Webinar - Toward Hybrid Cloud Serverless Transparency with Lithops Framework
• Using Serverless to Run Your Python Code on 1000 Cores by Changing Two Lines of Code
• Decoding dark molecular matter in spatial metabolomics with IBM Cloud Functions
• Your easy move to serverless computing and radically simplified data processing Strata Data Conference, NY 2019. See video of Lithops usage here and the example of Monte Carlo here
• Speed up data pre-processing with Lithops in deep learning
• Predicting the future with Monte Carlo simulations over IBM Cloud Functions
• Process large data sets at massive scale with Lithops over IBM Cloud Functions
• Industrial project in Technion on Lithops

• Outsourcing Data Processing Jobs with Lithops - IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing 2022
• Towards Multicloud Access Transparency in Serverless Computing - IEEE Software 2021
• Primula: a Practical Shuffle/Sort Operator for Serverless Computing - ACM/IFIP International Middleware Conference 2020. See presentation here
• Bringing scaling transparency to Proteomics applications with serverless computing - 6th International Workshop on Serverless Computing (WoSC6) 2020. See presentation here
• Serverless data analytics in the IBM Cloud - ACM/IFIP International Middleware Conference 2018

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 825184.