To get an overview of the language please check the examples folder, it contains lot of useful samples that will introduce the lanuguage with real-world problems. All tests including the TestFramework itself are written in EmscriptenLang and therefore can be used as an fully working sample as well.
The standard library can be found in the std folder. Keep in mind that the full c++ std library is available using import("std") A future goal though is to remove all direct c++ dependencies and rewrite as many as possible in emscripten lang
The compiler is using clang as an base. To be detailed it uses LibTooling which exposes clang functioanlity. The full source code is parsed, analyed and then using source-to-source technology the em source is translated back into valid c++ which is then compiled by clang.