PGXS is a helper for Makefiles to build Postgres extensions.

It is entirely dependent on naming conventions. Every file and line in here is necessary. Try deleting whatever you think is useless and you'll get the idea.

To set up (you probably need postgresql-server-devel or equivalent from your package manager):

$ make
$ sudo make install
$ psql
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION pgext;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# SELECT pgext.add_one(100);
 add_one
---------
     101
(1 row)

Read through all the committed files and the linked PGXS docs to better understand.