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seeing-theory's Introduction

Seeing Theory is a project designed and created by Daniel Kunin with support from Brown University's Royce Fellowship Program. The goal of the project is to make statistics more accessible to a wider range of students through interactive visualizations.

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About

Statistics is quickly becoming the most important and multi-disciplinary field of mathematics. According to the American Statistical Association, statistician is one of the top ten fastest-growing occupations and statistics is one of the fastest-growing bachelor degrees. Statistical literacy is essential to our data driven society. Despite the increased importance and demand for statistical competence, the pedagogical approaches in statistics have barely changed. Using Mike Bostock’s data visualization software, D3.js, Seeing Theory visualizes the fundamental concepts covered in an introductory college statistics or Advanced Placement statistics class. Students are encouraged to use Seeing Theory as an additional resource to their textbook, professor and peers.

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2019 Update

Seeing Theory is no longer being mantained. The site will continue to be hosted by Brown University, but the code will not be updated. Please contact us if you have any specific questions.

Language Support

We are currently not supporting new language translations. At some point we hope to reorganize the code to more easily support the internationalization of the content. We are sorry for any inconvenience.

Copyright and License

Feel free to use Seeing Theory for educational purposes, but we ask that you do not use the visualizations for commerical use. Copyright 2016-2019.

seeing-theory's People

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danielkunin avatar danielxiang avatar danielyli avatar jingruguo avatar jkeirstead avatar mikblack avatar nguyenmp avatar tddevlin avatar

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seeing-theory's Issues

Change line chart to bar chart in "Dicrete and Continuous"

The fact that the discrete pmf's are rendered using an underlying line chart structure leads to some aesthetic oddities...

screen shot 2017-08-25 at 4 49 34 pm
screen shot 2017-08-25 at 4 49 47 pm

This can be fixed by using a bar chart structure, where point masses are depicted using vertical line elements.

Estimating pi

I think the portion of approximating pi may be a bit misleading. Perhaps a sentence or two could be added, specifying that pi is not a rational number and that you are using probabilistic methods to approximate it with fractions.

ANOVA and Regression Analysis

How could we talk more about regression with categorical data for either the independent or dependent variable? Is there a way we could bring up Linear Discriminant Analysis, Probit Regression, and Logit Regression?

Translating Seeing Theory Website: HowTo

How can I translate the seeing theory webpage (like existing ones in es and cn)?

User Story: As a learner of statistics, I would like to read and seeing theory in the language I speak best
Contributor Story: As a speaker of both English and an other language, I would like to translate seeing theory

Rewording of Chance Events

consider readjusting the text to read and flow as follows:

“...But as the number of flips increases, the long-run frequency of heads is bound to get closer and closer to 50%. For an unfair or weighted coin, the two outcomes are not equally likely. You can change the weight or distribution of the coin by dragging the true probability bars (on the right in blue) up or down.” [Move this text here]

[Buttons]

"If we assign numbers to the outcomes — say, 1 for heads, 0 for tails — then we have created the mathematical object known as a random variable.” [Leave by itself]

n and r

The label n should be r in the table in combinatorics viz.

Chinese translation mistake

There is just a small translation mistake in the Chinese version in chapter 2 section conditional probability. It says 在今天多云 的情况下,我们会估计“明天下雨”的概率小于“今天下雨”。whereas I suppose it should be在今天多云的情况下,我们会估计“明天下雨”的概率要高于一般情况下“明天下雨”的概率。

Change sidebar menu to a dropdown

From a UI perspective, it might be better to change the sidebar button (the square with the three horizontal lines) to a dropdown menu, because

  1. A dropdown menu can be titled with text, so the user has an idea of what the menu will contain before opening it.
  2. Scrolling is disabled while the sidebar menu is open. The user must click the icon in order to close the menu and re-enable scrolling.
  3. In my own experience, I generally find expanding sidebars annoying unless I'm on a mobile interface.

Cumulative distribution definition

In your Chapter 3, point 2, you have F(x) = P[X < x].
The usual definition for the cumulative distribution function is F(x) = P[X <= x].
In the continuous case, we have P[X < x] = P[X <= x]. But in the discrete case these two probabilities are not equal. For example, for the case where X has a Bernoulli(1/2) distribution, P[X < 0] = 0 and P[X <= 0] = 1/2. It would be nice if you would use the standard definition F(x) = P[X <= x].

Card PNG bug

On the "Variance" section in "Chapter 1: Basic Probability" the number three card has a 4 instead o 3 in the bottom right corner.

Add link to home page in header

It could be a good idea to add a link to the header that takes the user directly to the landing page. right now the user needs to open the menu on the right-hand side in order to navigate home. The home page link could occupy the space where the unit title is placed in the top left. Clicking on the unit title currently just scrolls the user to the top of the page. Alternatively we can keep the unit title and add a "Seeing Theory" link that takes the user home.

Interval Estimation with Credibility Interval

  1. Limit current distributions allowed for confidence intervals and add discrete options
  • Discrete (Binomial, Poisson)
  • Continuous (Normal, Uniform, Exponential)
  1. Add option to create credibility interval or confidence interval
  • Add conjugate prior
  • Change estimation panel from averaging to showing posterior distribution

Clarifying Sample Variance versus Analytic Variance

"In the section on Variance in ch. 1, the green square to the right indicates the sample variance. What is confusing about this example is that the variance is calculated empirically, but it uses the analytically derived mean, rather than the sample mean. It seems like the example would be more consistent if both the mean and variance were estimated based on the sample. I realize this may be hard to visualize, but I thought I would let you know."

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