Power Automate C2 (PAC2) is a stealth living-Off-the-cloud C2 framework.

1. Initial Infection
   • Any impersonation and Session hijack methods
     • e.g., Steal PRT and access to a PowerAutomate page as a victim user
2. Register the Initial Payload
   • Establish C2 connection between PowerAutomate and our C2 server
     • Import a primary payload as a zip file generated by our tool
3. Execute Secondary Payload
   • Attackers generate arbitrary payloads by our tool and put them to the C2 server
   • PowerAutomate downloads the secondary payloads from the C2 server via HTTPS(S)
   • PowerAutomate uploads output executed by the secondary payloads
   • Attackers maintain the secondary payloads in the C2 server anytime, and continue their stealth activities

The main flow between the attacker and PowerAutomate is the following.

• Living off the cloud (client-free execution)
  • No use of PowerAutomate Desktop Flow
  • No traces in the victim user's endpoint or network devices in the target corporate environments
• Stealth
  • Traces, including the flow itself, are deleted by the payload itself
• Persistence
  • The C2 connections continues even after victim users change their passwords
• Bypass security measures
  • Not detected by Anti-Virus and EDR
  • Not blocked by network filtering rules specified in network/proxy solutions
• Flow generation via CUI
  • Attackers can generate PowerAutomate flow by using CUI instead of troublesome low-code GUI
• PAC2 control panel
  • PAC2 control panel provides an easy access to exfiltrated data such as Teams messages and SharePoint files
• Supports bitwise operations in PowerAutomate such as XOR
  • The operations enables the encryption of payloads and outputs