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CSS3 :checked伪类选择器妙用

CSS3中的伪类选择器例如:hover,:before,:after在已经在前端开发中被广泛使用,但是可能开发者还不太熟悉:checked这个伪类选择器。本文将介绍:checked这个伪类选择器以及如何使用它写出更加有优雅的代码。

:checked伪类选择器顾名思义,表示的是type="checkbox"的input元素被选中的状态。在前端开发中,我们常用:hover伪类来设置鼠标悬浮时的样式,而由于checked状态的改变需要用户进行点击操作,使用:checked伪类,我们则可以设置鼠标点击后的状态。在使用zepto、jQuery库时,有一个经常使用的方法toggle用来隐藏和再现页面上的某个元素,了解:checked伪类的定义之后,我们完全可以用纯CSS实现toggle效果。

首先定义页面结构:

<style>
   .toggle-item{
       width: 100px;
       height:  100px;
       background-color: pink;
   }
 </style>
 <div class="toggle">
     <input id="toggle-trigger" type="checkbox" />
    <div class="toggle-item"></div>
</div>

接着,我们对#toggle-trigger的选中态进行设置

    #toggle-trigger:not(checked) ~  .toggle-item{
       display: block;
     }
   #toggle-trigger:checked  ~  .toggle-item{
       display: none;
     }

此时,我们通过点击选中或者取消选中checkbox,就能对.toggle-item进行隐藏和再现。

但是我们想跟进一步,把toggle-trigger的范围扩展到checkbox之外,因为在展现toggle效果时,触发toggle的部分并不局限于checkbox一种形式。这时我们只需要使用label标签即可,label标签有一个for属性,通过设置for属性,可以将label标签指向特定的input元素,同时将checkbox隐藏,既可以达到点击label标签来触发toggle的效果。

<style>
 .toggle-item{
     width: 100px;
     height:  100px;
     background-color: pink;
 }
 #toggle-trigger {
    display: none;
 }
 #toggle-trigger ~ :not(checked) ~  .toggle-item{
    display: block;
 }
 #toggle-trigger:checked  ~  .toggle-item{
   display: none;
 }
</style>
    <div class="toggle">
       <label for="toggle-trigger">触发器</label>
       <input id="toggle-trigger" type="checkbox" />
      <div class="toggle-item"></div>
    </div>

根据caniuse的数据,:checked伪类的支持程度基本达到了100%。在下一个项目里面,你会愿意使用它嘛?

参考文章

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