Version：
Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS
GCC 9.4.0 
Linux 5.15.1

Errors and problems confronted when doing the installation. 安装出现的问题.

1. make[1]: [Kbuild:36: kernel/bounds.s] Error 1

   解决方案： sudo apt-get install lib32z1

2. make: [Makefile:982: prepare0] Error 2

   解决方案：sudo make menuconfig ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-

   ​ Kernel Features --> 去掉 'Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel' 选项

3. cc1: error: code model kernel does not support PIC mode

   解决方案：kernel 源代码根目录的 Makefile 中 KBUILDS_CFLAGS 尾部添加一个编译选项 -fno-pie

4. linux/compiler-gcc9.h: No such file or directory

   解决方案：将源代码 includes/linux 文件夹下的 compiler-gcc4.h 修改成 compiler-gcc9.h

5. /bin/sh: flex: not found

   解决方案：sudo apt-get install flex

6. /bin/sh: 1: bison: not found

   解决方案：sudo apt-get install bison

7. fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory

   解决方案：sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

8. fatal error: libelf.h: No such file or directory

   解决方案：sudo apt-get install libelf-dev

9. make[1]: No rule to make target 'debian/canonical-certs.pem', needed by 'certs/x509_certificate_list'. Stop.

   解决方案：编辑.config文件，sudo gedit .config 置空文件中的参数 CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS = "" 或执行 sudo scripts/config --set-str SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS ""

10. make[1]: No rule to make target 'debian/canonical-revoked-certs.pem', needed by 'certs/x509_revocation_list'. Stop.

    解决方案：执行 sudo scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS

11. BTF: .tmp_vmlinux.btf: pahole (pahole) is not available Failed to generate BTF for vmlinux Try to disable CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF

    解决方案：sudo apt-get install dwarves

12. rch/x86/Makefile:142: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh 5.15.1
    arch/x86/boot/bzImage System.map "/boot" Missing file: arch/x86/boot/bzImage

    解决方案：

    sudo apt-get install binutils     
    make bzImage
    sudo make install
    sudo update-grub

13. bin sh 1 zstd not found

    解决方案：sudo apt install zstd

14. 跨平台问题

    sudo apt install qemu-system-arm \        # qemu
    	binutils-aarch64-linux-gnu \     # objdump等二进制工具
    	gcc-8-aarch64-linux-gnu \        # gcc
    	g++-8-aarch64-linux-gnu \        # g++ 这个编译内核并不是必须的
    	gdb-multiarch                    # 多平台gdb 

    ​

1. #check version

   lsb_release -a     #Ubuntu version 20.04.5
   gcc --version      #GCC version 9.4.0
   uname -r           #Linux Kernel version 5.15.0-46-generic

2. #get linux kernel which matches the version of ubuntu and gcc version above from official website (for here i choose Linux 5.15.1 as my kernel)

   wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.15.1.tar.xz

3. sudo cp ./linux-5.15.1.tar.xz /usr/src

4. cd /usr/src

5. sudo tar xvJf ./linux-5.15.1.tar.xz

6. cd ./linux-5.15.1

7. #install ncurses

   sudo apt install libncurses5-dev openssl libssl-dev build-essential pkg-config libc6-dev bison flex libelf-dev zlibc minizip libidn11-dev libidn11 kernel-package

8. sudo make menuconfig #打开配置菜单

9. sudo make -j $(nproc) #以最大线程数并发编译内核，nproc 最大线程数

10. sudo make modules_install #安装模块

11. sudo make install #安装内核

12. #修改引导菜单配置

    找到 etc/default/grub，运行命令 sudo gedit grub，编辑 GRUB 在启动引导时的菜单选项

    注释掉或删除 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden

    修改 GRUB_TIMEOUT=30

    修改 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text"

    sudo update-grub

13. 找到 boot/grub/grub.cfg

    运行命令 sudo gedit grub.cfg

    修改引导菜单, 添加班号 学号 姓名

    重启，即可看到引导菜单

    要求在启动菜单里看到每个人自己的班号、学号、姓名及版本号