Certainly! Here are the basics of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
-
HTML Document Structure:
- HTML documents are plain text files with the
.htmlextension. - They consist of elements enclosed in tags, which define the structure and content of a webpage.
- HTML documents are plain text files with the
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Document Declaration:
- Start an HTML document with the
<!DOCTYPE html>declaration to specify that it's an HTML5 document.
- Start an HTML document with the
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HTML Elements:
- Elements are the building blocks of an HTML document.
- They are typically written as opening and closing tags, such as
<tag>and</tag>. - Some elements are self-closing and don't have a closing tag, like
<img>.
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Basic Document Structure:
- An HTML document consists of two main sections:
<head>and<body>. <head>contains metadata about the document, such as the title and character encoding.<body>contains the visible content of the webpage.
- An HTML document consists of two main sections:
-
Head Section:
<title>sets the title of the webpage displayed in the browser's title bar or tab.<meta>provides metadata about the document, like character encoding.<link>links to external resources like stylesheets (CSS).<script>includes JavaScript code.
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Body Section:
- Contains the content that users see on the webpage.
- Common elements include headings (
<h1>,<h2>), paragraphs (<p>), lists (<ul>,<ol>,<li>), and links (<a>).
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Text Formatting:
- Use tags like
<strong>for bold,<em>for italic, and<u>for underline. <br>inserts a line break, and<hr>adds a horizontal line.
- Use tags like
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Links:
- Create hyperlinks using the
<a>element with thehrefattribute to specify the destination URL.
- Create hyperlinks using the
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Images:
- Embed images using the
<img>element with thesrcattribute for the image file's path. - Include an
altattribute for accessibility and SEO.
- Embed images using the
-
Lists:
- Create ordered lists with
<ol>and list items with<li>. - Create unordered lists with
<ul>and list items with<li>.
- Create ordered lists with
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Forms:
- Build forms with the
<form>element. - Use form elements like
<input>for text fields, radio buttons, and checkboxes. - Include a
<label>for form field descriptions. - Add a submit button with
<input type="submit">.
- Build forms with the
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Comments:
- Insert comments within your HTML code using
<!-- comment text -->. - Comments are not displayed in the browser but can be useful for documentation.
- Insert comments within your HTML code using
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Attributes:
- Elements can have attributes like
class,id, andstylefor styling and identification purposes. - Global attributes like
classandidcan be used with many elements.
- Elements can have attributes like
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Whitespace:
- Extra whitespace within HTML code is generally ignored, but it can enhance code readability.
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Nesting:
- Elements can be nested inside each other to create a hierarchical structure for your content.
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Validation:
- Ensure your HTML code is well-formed and follows standards to avoid rendering issues and errors.
These are the fundamental concepts of HTML. As you become more proficient, you can explore more advanced features and techniques for creating dynamic and interactive web pages.
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