- Benchmark (component memory analysing of heap allocations, memory and cpu usage)
- Run benchmarks with
go test -bench=..
- To see heap allocations use:
b.ReportAllocs() function;benchmem flag: go test -bench=. -benchmem.
- For memory profile use:
-memprofile flag: go test -bench=. -memprofile mem.out;- add heap profile server with file writting (see Profiler)
- For cpu profile use:
-cpuprofile flag: go test -bench=. -cpuprofile cpu.out;- add cpu profile server with file writting (see Profiler)
- Runtime Statistics (detailed memory stats to look for possible memory leaks)
- Use
runtime.ReadMemStats(&r), where r is var r runtime.MemStats (see Runtime Statistics)
- Investigate
runtime/mstats.go fir additional information about stats fields.
- Escape Analysis (identifies allocation on heap, function complexity and inlining)
- Use
go build -gcflags="-m" . to enable escape analysis logs.
- Use additional
-m: -gcflags="-m -m" to have higher analisys mode.
- GC Trace
- Use
export GODEBUG=gctrace=1 and run app, or GODEBUG=gctrace=1 go run main.go (see GC Trace)
- Avoid slices (
string, []byte)
- Use
StringBuffer/StringBuilder for string concatenations.
- Avoid
string as map key type, it is better to use int (~44% less memory usage).
- Use pointers for big arrays.
- Use sync.Pool for data that can be reused.
- Align struct fields (use libs e.g.
https://github.com/essentialkaos/aligo).
- Use
runtime/debug.SetMemoryLimit or GOMEMLIMIT env (Go 1.19, https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.19).
- Memory Profiler (with lib)
import "github.com/pkg/profile"
defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile, profile.ProfilePath(".")).Stop()
- CPU Profiler (with lib)
import "github.com/pkg/profile"
defer profile.Start(profile.CPUProfile, profile.ProfilePath(".")).Stop()package main
import (
"fmt"
"runtime"
"time"
)
func main() {
go func() {
for {
var r runtime.MemStats
runtime.ReadMemStats(&r)
fmt.Println("\nTime: ", time.Now())
fmt.Println("Runtime MemStats Sys: ", r.Sys) //
fmt.Println("Runtime Heap Allocation: ", r.HeapAlloc)
fmt.Println("Runtime Heap Idle: ", r.HeapIdle)
fmt.Println("Runtime Heap In Use: ", r.HeapInuse)
fmt.Println("Runtime Heap HeapObjects: ", r.HeapObjects)
fmt.Println("Runtime Heap Released: ", r.HeapReleased)
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}
}()
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}gc 6 @48.155s 15%: 0.093+12360+0.32 ms clock,
0.18+7720/21356/3615+0.65 ms cpu, 11039->13278->6876 MB, 14183 MB goal, 8 P
@48.155s since program start15% of time spent in GC since program start0.093+12360+0.32 ms clock stop-the-world (STW) sweep termination + concurrent mark and scan + and STW mark termination0.18+7720/21356/3615+0.65 ms cpu (GC performed in line with allocation), background GC time, and idle GC time:
0.18 sweepTermCpu,7720 gcController.assistTime,21356 gcController.dedicatedMarkTime + gcController.fractionalMarkTime,3615 gcController.idleMarkTime,0.65 markTermCpu
11039->13278->6876 MB heap size at GC start, at GC end, and live heap
8 P number of processors used
- https://www.ardanlabs.com/blog/2018/12/garbage-collection-in-go-part1-semantics.html
- https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.19
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