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Perl FFI to GDAL using FFI::Platypus

License: Other

Perl 99.71% Shell 0.29%

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geo-gdal-ffi's Issues

Release version 0.11 to CPAN

@ajolma - It would be good to cut a new release to CPAN.

I'm getting test failures on new installs that use GDAL 3.8 and higher. These were addressed in #67

Drive by comment: consider ignore_not_found

This is just a drive by suggestion peeking at the source code of this module you have a lot of attach calls wrapped in evals that ignore the exception, if thrown:

https://github.com/ajolma/Geo-GDAL-FFI/blob/master/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm#L448

This is exactly the use case intended by the ignore_not_found attribute:

https://metacpan.org/pod/FFI::Platypus#ignore_not_found1

which would save an eval and make the code a little shorter :)

You can even turn it on and off if you need to:

$ffi->ignore_not_found(1);
$ffi->attach( optional_func => ... );
$ffi->ignore_not_found(0);
$ffi->attach( required_func => ... );

Layer - add method to get parent dataset

What do you think of adding a method to get at a layer's parent dataset?

It is not part of the GDAL API so far as I can see, but since Geo::GDAL::FFI stores a hash of parent refs it should be possible to access it and return the relevant item.

This would be convenient when passing layers between subs to use for selections, as one does not need to also pass the dataset ref.

Something like this might be sufficient:

sub GetParentDataset {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return $Geo::GDAL::FFI::parent ($$self);
}

ubuntu 20.04 unable to install using cpan or cpanm

'''root@aler:/sg# cpanm Geo::GDAL::FFI
--> Working on Geo::GDAL::FFI
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/A/AJ/AJOLMA/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09.tar.gz ... OK
==> Found dependencies: Alien::gdal
--> Working on Alien::gdal
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/S/SL/SLAFFAN/Alien-gdal-1.30.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Alien-gdal-1.30 ... OK
Building and testing Alien-gdal-1.30 ... OK
Successfully installed Alien-gdal-1.30
Configuring Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09 ... OK
Building and testing Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09 ... FAIL
'''! Installing Geo::GDAL::FFI failed. See /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/build.log for details. Retry with --force to force install it.
1 distribution installed
root@aler:/sg# vi /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/build.log'''

'''# Failed test 'use Geo::GDAL::FFI;'''
'''# at t/00.t line 11.
'''# Tried to use 'Geo::GDAL::FFI'.'''
'''# Error: Can't attach to GDAL methods. Does Alien::gdal provide GDAL dynamic libs? at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.'''
'''# BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.'''
'''# Compilation failed in require at t/00.t line 11.'''
'''# BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/00.t line 11.'''
Bareword "PopFinderLocation" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at t/00.t line 116.
Bareword "GetVersionInfo" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at t/00.t line 129.
Execution of t/00.t aborted due to compilation errors.
'''# Tests were run but no plan was declared and done_testing() was not seen.'''
'''# Looks like your test exited with 255 just after 1.'''
t/00.t .........
Dubious, test returned 255 (wstat 65280, 0xff00)
Failed 1/1 subtests
Can't attach to GDAL methods. Does Alien::gdal provide GDAL dynamic libs? at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
Compilation failed in require at t/geometry.t line 6.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/geometry.t line 6.
t/geometry.t ...
Dubious, test returned 2 (wstat 512, 0x200)
No subtests run
Can't attach to GDAL methods. Does Alien::gdal provide GDAL dynamic libs? at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
Compilation failed in require at t/pdl.t line 6.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/pdl.t line 6.
t/pdl.t ........
Dubious, test returned 2 (wstat 512, 0x200)
No subtests run
Can't attach to GDAL methods. Does Alien::gdal provide GDAL dynamic libs? at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
Compilation failed in require at t/sr.t line 6.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/sr.t line 6.
t/sr.t .........
Dubious, test returned 2 (wstat 512, 0x200)
No subtests run
Can't attach to GDAL methods. Does Alien::gdal provide GDAL dynamic libs? at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1659.
Compilation failed in require at t/vsistdout.t line 6.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/vsistdout.t line 6.
t/vsistdout.t ..
Dubious, test returned 2 (wstat 512, 0x200)
No subtests run

Test Summary Report

t/00.t (Wstat: 65280 Tests: 1 Failed: 1)
Failed test: 1
Non-zero exit status: 255
Parse errors: No plan found in TAP output
t/geometry.t (Wstat: 512 Tests: 0 Failed: 0)
Non-zero exit status: 2
Parse errors: No plan found in TAP output
t/pdl.t (Wstat: 512 Tests: 0 Failed: 0)
Non-zero exit status: 2
Parse errors: No plan found in TAP output
t/sr.t (Wstat: 512 Tests: 0 Failed: 0)
Non-zero exit status: 2
Parse errors: No plan found in TAP output
t/vsistdout.t (Wstat: 512 Tests: 0 Failed: 0)
Non-zero exit status: 2
Parse errors: No plan found in TAP output
Files=5, Tests=1, 3 wallclock secs ( 0.05 usr 0.01 sys + 2.19 cusr 0.43 csys = 2.68 CPU)
Result: FAIL
Failed 5/5 test programs. 1/1 subtests failed.
make: *** [Makefile:932: test_dynamic] Error 2
-> FAIL Installing Geo::GDAL::FFI failed. See /root/.cpanm/work/1653404421.416310/build.log for details. Retry with --force to force install it.
1 distribution installed'''

Tests: use Test::TempDir::Tiny

The tests all create files locally, often with the same name. This could lead to clashes when tests are run in parallel.

Test::TempDir::Tiny provides a useful way of separating them all, as well as handling cleanup on successful completion.

warning received during loading $FFI::Platypus 'used only once'

Had to define,

{
local $FFI::Platypus::keep;
local $FFI::Platypus::TypeParser::ffi_type; }
}

Or I get a warning during loading that it was used only once.

Name "FFI::Platypus::keep" used only once: possible typo at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base/XSLoader.pm
Name "FFI::Platypus::TypeParser::ffi_type" used only once: possible typo at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base/XSLoader.pm

Should Geo::GDAL::FFI::Band inherit from Geo::GDAL::FFI::Object?

It seems that Geo::GDAL::FFI::Band does not inherit from Geo::GDAL::FFI::Object, but perhaps it should?

It seems it did under the old system.
https://arijolma.org/Geo-GDAL/2.4/classGeo_1_1GDAL_1_1Band.html

CreateLayer fails if SpatialReference arg exists but is invalid (undef or blank)

Geo::GDAL::FFI::DataSet::CreateLayer calls OSRClone on the SpatialReference arg irrespective of its value. This then crashes when the value is undef or ''.

Geo-GDAL-FFI/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/Dataset.pm

Line 115 in 6674734

 $sr = Geo::GDAL::FFI::OSRClone(${$args->{SpatialReference}}) if exists $args->{SpatialReference}; 

The check could instead test for the boolean value of the arg.

        $sr = Geo::GDAL::FFI::OSRClone(${$args->{SpatialReference}}) if $args->{SpatialReference};

Add Layer methods for Intersection, Union etc

It seems the Intersection, Union and similar methods are not yet implemented for layers.

e.g. https://www.gdal.org/classOGRLayer.html#a5202606175f7e7dcd76c3eb237ac8303

I can use geometry objects to achieve the same results, but it would avoid some looping if it could be applied at the Layer level.

Utilities - add tests and handle non-void context

Separated from #15

These methods need to be updated as per Rasterize and have tests added. Will work up a PR to do so.

Warp (partial - needs to check for Proj library, now listed under issue #25 )
VectorTranslate
NearBlack

Tests fail on FreeBSD as NITF is not found

It seems that the FreeBSD port does not include the NITF driver. This is causing failures under Cirrus CI for downstream dependencies.

From https://cirrus-ci.com/task/6207322767228928?logs=install#L10610 :

Driver 'NITF' not found. at /.cpanm/work/1682383834.41121/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.09/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1483.
	Geo::GDAL::FFI::GetDriver("NITF") called at t/00.t line 141
# Tests were run but no plan was declared and done_testing() was not seen.
# Looks like your test exited with 2 just after 12.

The test should check if NITF is available. This is probably most easily done by using an eval{} in the if block for those tests.
https://github.com/ajolma/Geo-GDAL-FFI/blob/287215b902504234ac297dd55cfa2540f5ccaf15/t/00.t#L143-160

Fails to build with GDAL 3.8.0

As reported in Debian Bug #1055581:

Your package FTBFS with GDAL 3.8.0 from experimental:

Cannot write feature at /build/libgeo-gdal-ffi-perl-0.1/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/Driver.pm line 49.
        Geo::GDAL::FFI::Driver::Create(Geo::GDAL::FFI::Driver=SCALAR(0x557a150d4c40), "/vsimem/test.tiff", 10) called at t/vsistdout.t line 63
# Tests were run but no plan was declared and done_testing() was not seen.
# Looks like your test exited with 2 just after 1.
t/vsistdout.t ..

The full buildlog is attached.

libgeo-gdal-ffi-perl_0.1-2.1_amd64.build

Test for Proj support

Similar to checking for GEOS support.

Alien::gdal seems not to find the libproj dll under strawberry perl, but this is probably a broader issue as other setups might do the same.

Band.pm DESTROY method needs to check ref counts

I'm getting crashes in a test script that has multiple perl references to a GDAL band object. The failures happen when the G:G::FGI::Band::DESTROY method is called.

The parent hash entry for $$self is deleted in that method, which frees the underlying GDAL object, so it could be a double free situation similar to that addressed under #12 .

How to do coordinate transformations in Geo::GDAL::FFI

How are coordinate transformations done in Geo::GDAL::FFI?

In the old perl bindings it was Geo::OSR::CoordinateTransformation

Something like:

use Geo::GDAL::FFI;
my $srs_from = Geo::GDAL::FFI::SpatialReference->new(EPSG => 4326);
my $srs_to = Geo::GDAL::FFI::SpatialReference->new(EPSG => 3067);
$transf = new Geo::GDAL::FFI::CoordinateTransformation($srs_from, $srs_to);

Type of the function argument(s) incorrect for GDALInvGeoTransform and GDALApplyGeoTransform

The type of the function argument(s) is incorrect which is a pointer to a scaler, but requires an array”

< $ffi->attach('GDALInvGeoTransform' => [qw/double[] double[]/] => 'int');
< $ffi->attach('GDALApplyGeoTransform' => [qw/double[] double double double* double*/] => 'void');

$ffi->attach('GDALInvGeoTransform' => [qw/double* double*/] => 'int');
$ffi->attach('GDALApplyGeoTransform' => [qw/double* double double double* double*/] => 'void');

ExecuteSQL() sqlite dialect does not use spatial index from second data set

It appears that the SQLite dialect does not handle spatial indexes from a second data set.

It might actually be related to how gdal parses the sql query and injects the ogr objects. Relevant code appears to be at http://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/blob/326820cd6965da05152290d1177d03b75099a093/gdal/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/sqlite/ogrsqliteexecutesql.cpp#L318-L339 and https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/blob/326820cd6965da05152290d1177d03b75099a093/gdal/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/sqlite/ogrsqliteexecutesql.cpp#L588-L600

The code below works on my machine (returns three features) if $SI_lyr_name does not include the data set name. It returns no features otherwise. I've tried several variants on quoting and data set name/table separators for the same result.

The code needs Alien::gdal from github so it has spatialite support.

use 5.010;
use Alien::gdal 1.14;
use Geo::GDAL::FFI;


my $driver = 'SQLite';
$driver = 'ESRI Shapefile';
my $out_fname1 = ('/vsimem/fishnet_1');

if ($driver eq 'SQLite') {
    $out_fname1 .= '.db';
}

my $ds1
    = Geo::GDAL::FFI::GetDriver($driver)
        ->Create ($out_fname1);

my $layer_name1 = 'Fishnet_Layer_1';
my $fishnet_lyr1
  = $ds1->CreateLayer({
            Name => $layer_name1,
            GeometryType => 'Polygon',
            #SpatialReference => undef,
            Fields => [{
                Name => 'fldx',
                Type => 'Integer'
            }],
            Options => {SPATIAL_INDEX => 'YES'},
    });
my $layer_name2 = 'Fishnet_Layer_2';
my $fishnet_lyr2
  = $ds1->CreateLayer({
            Name => $layer_name2,
            GeometryType => 'Polygon',
            #SpatialReference => undef,
            Fields => [{
                Name => 'fldx',
                Type => 'Integer'
            }],
            Options => {SPATIAL_INDEX => 'YES'},
    });

my $poly1 = 'POLYGON ((1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0, 1 0))';
my $poly2 = 'POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 1 1, 1 0, 2 0))';
my $poly3 = 'POLYGON ((2 1, 2 2, 1 2, 1 1, 2 1))';

#  layer 1
my $i = 0;
foreach my $wkt ($poly1, $poly2, $poly3) {
    $i++;
    my $f = Geo::GDAL::FFI::Feature->new($fishnet_lyr1->GetDefn);
    $f->SetGeomField([WKT => $wkt]);
    $f->SetField (fldx => $i);
    $fishnet_lyr1->CreateFeature($f);
}
#  layer 2
$i = 0;
foreach my $wkt ($poly1, $poly2, $poly3) {
    $i++;
    my $f = Geo::GDAL::FFI::Feature->new($fishnet_lyr2->GetDefn);
    $f->SetGeomField([WKT => $wkt]);
    $f->SetField (fldx => $i);
    $fishnet_lyr2->CreateFeature($f);
}

if ($driver ne 'SQLite') {
    $ds1->ExecuteSQL(qq{CREATE SPATIAL INDEX ON "$layer_name1"});
}

#  try close and reopen layers
#$fishnet_lyr1 = undef;
#$fishnet_lyr1 = $dataset1->GetLayer;


#  try some sql
my $ds1_name  = $ds1->GetName;
my $lyr1_name = $fishnet_lyr1->GetName;
my $lyr2_name = $fishnet_lyr2->GetName;

my $SI_lyr_name = $lyr2_name;
#  comment out next line to work
$SI_lyr_name = "$ds1_name.$lyr2_name";

my $sql = <<END_SQL
SELECT ST_Intersection(A.geometry, B.geometry) AS geometry, A.*, B.*
FROM "$lyr1_name" as A, "$lyr2_name" AS B
WHERE
    A.fldx > 0
    AND
    A.rowid IN (0, 1, 2) 
    AND
    A.rowid IN (
      SELECT rowid FROM SpatialIndex WHERE
            f_table_name = '$SI_lyr_name'
            AND search_frame = A.geometry
    )
    AND
    ST_Intersects (A.geometry, B.geometry)
    AND
    (
      ST_Contains (A.geometry, B.geometry)
      OR
      Dimension (ST_Intersection(A.geometry, B.geometry)) = 2
    )
END_SQL
  ;
  
warn $sql;
$result1 = eval {
    $ds1->ExecuteSQL (
        $sql,
        undef,
        'SQLite',
    );
};
my $e = $@;
warn $e if $e;
if (!$e && !defined $result1) {
    warn 'UNDEF RESULT SET';
    my $msg = Geo::GDAL::FFI::error_msg();
    warn $msg if $msg;
}
elsif ($result1) {
    $result1->ResetReading;
    while (my $feat = $result1->GetNextFeature) {
        say "R1: " . $feat;
        my $geom = $feat->GetGeomField();
        say $geom->AsText;
    }
}

Error handler conflates fatal and warning level errors

The error handling code in Geo::GDAL::FFI appears to conflate both warning and fatal level errors.

This can cause action at a distance issues where one operation logs warnings into @Geo::GDAL::FFI::errors. When a later unrelated method call encounters a fatal error (or checks if @Geo::GDAL::FFI::errors has any contents) then it throws an exception, listing the warning before the error.

One example of this is the Layer Intersection method, which logs warnings when multipart polygons are loaded into a geopackage that expects simple polygons (related to https://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/4939 ). If a (much) later function checks for errors then it calls confess to report the Intersection warnings.

Perhaps the error handler should log any warnings to STDERR, and not push them onto @Geo::GDAL::FFI::errors .

I'd work up a PR, but I'm not sure how to check for error level given the arguments passed to the error handler.

Is the data dir check needed for GDAL >= 2.3.1?

I'm seeing errors at startup on a Mac with GDAL installed via Homebrew, and thus a system install for Alien::gdal where the PKG_CONFIG_PATH does not include the gdal.pc file.

perl -MGeo::GDAL::FFI -e1
Can't find gdal.pc in any of /Users/shawn/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.36.0/lib/site_perl/5.36.0/darwin-2level/auto/share/dist/Alien-gdal/lib/pkgconfig
use the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable, or
specify extra search paths via 'search_paths'

It seems to come from the code block starting Line 1494 and going to Line 1518.

Geo-GDAL-FFI/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm

Line 1494 in b804ef3

my $pc = PkgConfig->find('gdal');

The code includes a comment that it is for a bug that was fixed in GDAL 2.3.1, so should the whole block be conditional on the GDAL version being <=2.3.1?

e.g.:

use Sort::Versions;
if (versioncmp('2.3.1', Alien::gdal->version) < 0) {
...
}

Add recent OGRGeometry functions

There are a few recent additions to OGRGeometry that would be useful to have. They will need to be version guarded but that should not be too complex?

MakeValid (since GDAL 3.0)
https://gdal.org/doxygen/classOGRGeometry.html#a700a2d4b1c719e1f65fa3009bfc04f78

Normalize (since GDAL 3.3)
https://gdal.org/doxygen/classOGRGeometry.html#aa518a2cafc2a2394bc3a5196fa7dd017

There are others for which there seem to be bindings but no methods, e.g. Polygonize.

Add Geo::GDAL::FFI::Layer::GetFeatureCount method

At the moment I am calling Geo::GDAL::FFI::OGR_L_GetFeatureCount($$layer);. It would be nice to have this as a method.

CPAN tester results on 0.07

Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.07:

amd64-freebsd / 5.26.3:
- FAIL http://www.cpantesters.org/cpan/report/2ce96814-fb87-11e8-9c58-9b3fce0e3bff
amd64-freebsd / 5.28.0:
- FAIL http://www.cpantesters.org/cpan/report/d38ae97e-fbad-11e8-be2d-f24e63b93138
x86_64-linux / 5.26.2:
- FAIL http://www.cpantesters.org/cpan/report/a710edb4-fb88-11e8-8d79-ad14e066f0a4
x86_64-linux / 5.28.0:
- FAIL http://www.cpantesters.org/cpan/report/a598d690-fb88-11e8-8d79-ad14e066f0a4

Thread safety issue.

Working on an unrelated code that uses Perl threads I discovered an issue that seems related to Geo::GDAL::FFI.

A test script that simply works and includes multiple threads and Thread::Queues, which does not use any GDAL function, suddenly starts with the following errors by simply adding a 'use Geo::GDAL::Geo' in the code. I even commented out the DESTROY sub without any luck. It seems not related to FFI::Platypus or other dependencies. I noticed that the BEGIN section of FFI.pm does run a new() . Once commented out, the issue disappears. My hypothesis is that the $instance variable needs a proper protection against threads, which could be done by caller subs eventually, but including new() in the BEGIN sec triggers threads issues.

Scalars leaked: -3
Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x556a02d45158, Perl interpreter: 0x556a06e4d540 during global destruction.
Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x556a02d44f18, Perl interpreter: 0x556a06e4d540 during global destruction.
Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x556a02d450b0, Perl interpreter: 0x556a06e4d540 during global destruction.
Aborted

Typo in Geometry.pm

Hi Ari

there's a minor issue in the code:


./lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm:$ffi->attach('OGR_G_AddGeometry' => [qw/opaque opaque/] => 'int');
./lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/Geometry.pm:    my $e = Geo::GDAL::FFI::OGR_G_OGR_G_AddGeometry($$self, $$g);

Thanks for the good work

Document Geo::GDAL::FFI::error_msg

I can provide a pull request for this one if you provide some pointers.

Add Layer->GetExtent method

Looks like the GetExtent method is processed in Geo::GDAL::FFI::new, but is not part of the Layer class.
https://github.com/ajolma/Geo-GDAL-FFI/blob/master/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm#L953

Is there some way of generating factory methods for the other methods like this?

Test failure with GDAL 3.01 and Proj 6.2

Test t/00.t uses a WKT projection string that has changed in proj 6.

Modifying the test to use is instead of ok shows the difference is in the AXIS parameters and the precision of the UNIT value.

This might be best fixed with a version guard for the expected value.

#   Failed test 'Set/get projection string'
#   at t/00.t line 193.
#          got: 'GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AXIS["Latitude",NORTH],AXIS["Longitude",EAST],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]'
#     expected: 'GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]'

Geometry - OGR_G_GetEnvelope crashes

Calling OGR_G_GetEnvelope on a Geometry object results in a crash. See code below.

The FFI bindings are set as 'OGR_G_GetEnvelope' => [qw/opaque double[4]/] => 'void');, but if I am reading the GDAL header files correctly then it needs to be passed an Envelope struct and not an array ref?

The SWIG bindings don't seem to help in this regard as they call $self->GetEnvelope but I cannot see where it originates from.

use 5.010;
use Geo::GDAL::FFI;


say 'Generating polygon';

my $filt_poly = Geo::GDAL::FFI::Geometry->new(
    WKT => 'POLYGON ((4 0, 4 4, 0 4, 0 0, 4 0))',
);

say 'WKT:';
say $filt_poly->ExportToJSON;
#  next line purely for debug
my $ptlist = $filt_poly->GetPoints;

say 'Getting envelope';
my $envelope = [0,0,0,0];
Geo::GDAL::FFI::OGR_G_GetEnvelope ($filt_poly, $envelope);

say 'Envelope is ' . join ' ', @$envelope;
say 'got to end';

test failures in t/00.t

I've been able to reproduce the test failures in CI with t/00.t on a local machine. The error is below.

The root cause is that layer objects hold a reference to their parent dataset object. Dataset objects call FlushCache and then GDALClose in their DESTROY method, but if there is a layer object in scope then DESTROY will not be called.

Some background info is in #23 and #24 but this behaviour has been in place for a long time.

It might also be the cause of the issues with one TODO test in t/layer.t:

Geo-GDAL-FFI/t/layer.t

Lines 181 to 185 in b3c7b76

 # At least one of these needs to be deleted for the next SELECT DISTINCT to work. 

 # It does not matter if it is before or after the sql call. 

 #$filter1 = undef; 

 #$filter2 = undef; 

 #$distinct_items = undef;

I'll update t/00.t now but this behaviour should ideally be documented if it is not already.

Failing test output:

Open failed for 'test.shp'. Hint: add VERBOSE_ERROR to open_flags. at /Users/runner/work/Geo-GDAL-FFI/Geo-GDAL-FFI/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 1705.
	Geo::GDAL::FFI::Open("test.shp") called at t/00.t line 300
# Tests were run but no plan was declared and done_testing() was not seen.
# Looks like your test exited with 255 just after 29.
t/00.t ................. 
Dubious, test returned 255 (wstat 65280, 0xff00)
All 29 subtests passed

Can't locate FFI/Platypus/Declare.pm in @INC

On some of my smoker systems the test suite fails:

#   Failed test 'use Geo::GDAL::FFI;'
#   at t/00.t line 11.
#     Tried to use 'Geo::GDAL::FFI'.
#     Error:  Can't locate FFI/Platypus/Declare.pm in @INC (you may need to install the FFI::Platypus::Declare module) (@INC contains: /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/PDL-2.028-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/PDL-2.028-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Exception-0.43-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Exception-0.43-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Compile-0.38-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Compile-0.38-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Digest-SHA1-2.13-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Digest-SHA1-2.13-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/List-MoreUtils-0.430-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/List-MoreUtils-0.430-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-LeakTrace-0.17-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-LeakTrace-0.17-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/List-MoreUtils-XS-0.430-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/List-MoreUtils-XS-0.430-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Exporter-Tiny-1.002002-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Exporter-Tiny-1.002002-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Inline-C-0.81-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Inline-C-0.81-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/YAML-LibYAML-0.82-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/YAML-LibYAML-0.82-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Pegex-0.75-0/blib/arch 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/home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-Plugin-Decode-SourceForge-0.02-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/URI-5.09-2/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/URI-5.09-2/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Needs-0.002006-4/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Needs-0.002006-4/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Mojo-DOM58-2.000-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Mojo-DOM58-2.000-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-Plugin-PkgConfig-PPWrapper-0.01-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-Plugin-PkgConfig-PPWrapper-0.01-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-Plugin-Cleanse-BuildDir-0.05-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-Plugin-Cleanse-BuildDir-0.05-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Data-Dump-1.23-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Data-Dump-1.23-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-2.38-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-2.38-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/File-chdir-0.1010-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/File-chdir-0.1010-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/FFI-CheckLib-0.27-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/FFI-CheckLib-0.27-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test2-Suite-0.000139-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test2-Suite-0.000139-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Simple-1.302183-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Simple-1.302183-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Term-Table-0.015-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Term-Table-0.015-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Sub-Info-0.002-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Sub-Info-0.002-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Scope-Guard-0.21-2/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Scope-Guard-0.21-2/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Pluggable-5.2-2/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Pluggable-5.2-2/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Importer-0.026-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Importer-0.026-1/blib/lib /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/site_perl/5.30.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/site_perl/5.30.0 /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/5.30.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/5.30.0 .) at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/VSI/File.pm line 8, <DATA> line 209.
# BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/VSI/File.pm line 8, <DATA> line 209.
# Compilation failed in require at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 14, <DATA> line 209.
# BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 14, <DATA> line 209.
# Compilation failed in require at t/00.t line 11, <DATA> line 209.
# BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/00.t line 11, <DATA> line 209.
Possible unintended interpolation of @Geo::GDAL::FFI::errors in string at t/00.t line 52, <DATA> line 209.
Bareword "PopFinderLocation" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at t/00.t line 116, <DATA> line 209.
Bareword "GetVersionInfo" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at t/00.t line 129, <DATA> line 209.
Execution of t/00.t aborted due to compilation errors.
# Tests were run but no plan was declared and done_testing() was not seen.
# Looks like your test exited with 255 just after 1.
t/00.t ......... 
Dubious, test returned 255 (wstat 65280, 0xff00)
Failed 1/1 subtests 
Can't locate FFI/Platypus/Declare.pm in @INC (you may need to install the FFI::Platypus::Declare module) (@INC contains: /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/PDL-2.028-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/PDL-2.028-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Exception-0.43-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Exception-0.43-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Compile-0.38-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Compile-0.38-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Digest-SHA1-2.13-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Digest-SHA1-2.13-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/List-MoreUtils-0.430-0/blib/arch 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/home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/FFI-Platypus-1.34-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-gdal-1.23-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-gdal-1.23-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-proj-1.15-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-proj-1.15-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Env-ShellWords-0.02-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Env-ShellWords-0.02-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-sqlite-1.06-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-sqlite-1.06-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/IO-Socket-SSL-2.070-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/IO-Socket-SSL-2.070-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Mozilla-CA-20200520-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Mozilla-CA-20200520-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Net-SSLeay-1.90-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Net-SSLeay-1.90-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-patch-0.15-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-patch-0.15-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-libtiff-1.01-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-libtiff-1.01-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-geos-af-1.007-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-geos-af-1.007-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Sort-Versions-1.62-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Sort-Versions-1.62-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/PkgConfig-0.25026-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/PkgConfig-0.25026-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/File-Find-Rule-0.34-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/File-Find-Rule-0.34-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Text-Glob-0.11-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Text-Glob-0.11-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Number-Compare-0.03-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Number-Compare-0.03-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-MSYS-0.14-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-MSYS-0.14-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/ExtUtils-MakeMaker-7.60-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/ExtUtils-MakeMaker-7.60-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-Plugin-Decode-SourceForge-0.02-0/blib/arch 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/home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Data-Dump-1.23-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Data-Dump-1.23-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-2.38-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Alien-Build-2.38-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/File-chdir-0.1010-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/File-chdir-0.1010-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/FFI-CheckLib-0.27-0/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/FFI-CheckLib-0.27-0/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test2-Suite-0.000139-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test2-Suite-0.000139-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Simple-1.302183-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Test-Simple-1.302183-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Term-Table-0.015-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Term-Table-0.015-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Sub-Info-0.002-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Sub-Info-0.002-1/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Scope-Guard-0.21-2/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Scope-Guard-0.21-2/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Pluggable-5.2-2/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Module-Pluggable-5.2-2/blib/lib /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Importer-0.026-1/blib/arch /home/cpansand/.local/share/.cpan/build/2021030717/Importer-0.026-1/blib/lib /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/site_perl/5.30.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/site_perl/5.30.0 /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/5.30.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /opt/perl-5.30.0t/lib/5.30.0 .) at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/VSI/File.pm line 8, <DATA> line 209.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI/VSI/File.pm line 8, <DATA> line 209.
Compilation failed in require at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 14, <DATA> line 209.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /home/cpansand/.cpan/build/2021030717/Geo-GDAL-FFI-0.08-4/blib/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm line 14, <DATA> line 209.
Compilation failed in require at t/geometry.t line 6, <DATA> line 209.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/geometry.t line 6, <DATA> line 209.
t/geometry.t ... 
Dubious, test returned 2 (wstat 512, 0x200)
No subtests run 
... etc ...

redefinition warnings for every Geo::GDAL::FFI->new call

This is probably a documentation issue.

The code below results in a slew of subroutine redefinition warnings. If I change the my declaration to state then they disappear.

If the Geo::GDAL::FFI object is a package singleton then it should probably be clarified in the docs.

use 5.010;
use Geo::GDAL::FFI;

for my $i (0,1) {
    my $g = Geo::GDAL::FFI->new;
}

ExecuteSQL does not work with /vsimem layers

It seems that Geo::GDAL::Dataset::ExecuteSQL does not work with vsi layers, at least under Windows. The code below fails under Windows. I have not tested under Linux or Mac.

This issue might be broader than the perl bindings, but I have not been able to get a working python install on my Windows machine.

use 5.010;
use Geo::GDAL::FFI;


my $driver = 'SQLite';  #  needs Alien::gdal 1.14, not yet on cpan
$driver = 'ESRI Shapefile';
my $out_fname1 = ('/vsimem/fishnet_1');

my $layer_name1 = 'Fishnet_Layer_1';
my $dataset1
    = Geo::GDAL::FFI::GetDriver($driver)
        ->Create ($out_fname1);
my $fishnet_lyr1
  = $dataset1->CreateLayer({
            Name => $layer_name1,
            GeometryType => 'Polygon',
            #SpatialReference => undef,
            Options => {SPATIAL_INDEX => 'YES'},
    });

my $poly1 = 'POLYGON ((1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0, 1 0))';
my $poly2 = 'POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 1 1, 1 0, 2 0))';
my $poly3 = 'POLYGON ((2 1, 2 2, 1 2, 1 1, 2 1))';

#  layer 1
foreach my $wkt ($poly1, $poly2, $poly3) {
    my $f = Geo::GDAL::FFI::Feature->new($fishnet_lyr1->GetDefn);
    $f->SetGeomField([WKT => $wkt]);
    $fishnet_lyr1->CreateFeature($f);
    #say 'WKT1: ' . $f->GetGeomField->AsText;
}

if ($driver ne 'SQLite') {
    $dataset1->ExecuteSQL(qq{CREATE SPATIAL INDEX ON "$layer_name1"});
}

#  try close and reopen layers
#$fishnet_lyr1 = undef;
#$fishnet_lyr1 = $dataset1->GetLayer;


#  try some sql
my $ds1       = $fishnet_lyr1->GetParentDataset;
my $ds1_name  = $ds1->GetName;
my $lyr1_name = $fishnet_lyr1->GetName;
    

$result1 = eval {
    $ds1->ExecuteSQL (
        qq{SELECT * FROM $lyr1_name},
        #undef,
        #'SQLite',
    );
};
my $e = $@;
warn $e if $e;
if (!($e && $result1)) {
    warn 'UNDEF RESULT SET';
    my $msg = Geo::GDAL::FFI::error_msg();
    warn $msg if $msg;
}
else {
    $result1->ResetReading;
    while (my $feat = $result1->GetNextFeature) {
        say "R1: " . $feat;
        my $geom = $feat->GetGeomField();
        say $geom->AsText;
    }
}

ExecuteSQL failures

My changes to ExecuteSQL need more work and tests. Possibly it is related to the parent ref handling.

I get failures in Biodiverse when calling it, but no failures when I revert to my overridden methods which do not use the parent ref subs.

https://ci.appveyor.com/project/shawnlaffan/biodiverse/builds/20974596
https://travis-ci.org/shawnlaffan/biodiverse/builds/467310945

FFI::Platypus::Declare is now a separate distribution, needs to be added to Makefile.PL

FFI::Platypus::Declare has recently been released as a stand-alone distribution, so Geo::GDAL::FFI now fails to build on a clean system.

https://metacpan.org/release/FFI-Platypus-Declare

It is also now discouraged, but that warrants its own issue.

I can provide a PR, but it should just be a one line change.

JSON::PP::Boolean redefined warnings

The first code block produces redefined warnings. The second does not.

There seems to be something in one of the dependencies that is triggering it, but I have not been able to track it down yet.

use 5.010;
use strict;
use warnings;

use JSON::MaybeXS;
use Geo::GDAL::FFI;

Subroutine JSON::PP::Boolean::(++ redefined at C:/berrybrew/5.26.1_64_PDL/perl/lib/overload.pm line 48.
Subroutine JSON::PP::Boolean::(0+ redefined at C:/berrybrew/5.26.1_64_PDL/perl/lib/overload.pm line 48.
Subroutine JSON::PP::Boolean::(-- redefined at C:/berrybrew/5.26.1_64_PDL/perl/lib/overload.pm line 48.

use 5.010;
use strict;
use warnings;

use Geo::GDAL::FFI;
use JSON::MaybeXS;

GetCategoryNames method?

I'm porting my code across to Geo::GDAL::FFI from Geo::GDAL, and cannot find a method in the code for Geo::GDAL::Band::CategoryNames.

There seems to be something in the code, but I am unsure which object type it applies to.

Geo-GDAL-FFI/lib/Geo/GDAL/FFI.pm

Lines 505 to 506 in 2430078

 eval{$ffi->attach('GDALGetRasterCategoryNames' => [qw/opaque/] => 'string_pointer');}; 

 eval{$ffi->attach('GDALSetRasterCategoryNames' => [qw/opaque string_pointer/] => 'int');};

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	# At least one of these needs to be deleted for the next SELECT DISTINCT to work.
	# It does not matter if it is before or after the sql call.
	#$filter1 = undef;
	#$filter2 = undef;
	#$distinct_items = undef;

	eval{$ffi->attach('GDALGetRasterCategoryNames' => [qw/opaque/] => 'string_pointer');};
	eval{$ffi->attach('GDALSetRasterCategoryNames' => [qw/opaque string_pointer/] => 'int');};