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Audiovisual Core (AC)

This is the main entry point to the work of the Audiovisual Core Maintenance Group. If you are looking for the landing page of the standard itself, go to https://www.tdwg.org/standards/ac/. To find the website containing the standards documents, go to https://ac.tdwg.org/.

The Audiovisual Core (AC), previously known as Audubon Core, is a set of vocabularies designed to represent metadata for biodiversity multimedia resources and collections. These vocabularies aim to represent information that will help to determine whether a particular resource or collection will be fit for some particular biodiversity science application before acquiring the media. Among others, the vocabularies address such concerns as the management of the media and collections, descriptions of their content, their taxonomic, geographic, and temporal coverage, and the appropriate ways to retrieve, attribute and reproduce them.

The current release (2022-02-23) is archived at DOI

The Audiovisual Core Maintenance Group

Audiovisual Core is maintained by a specialized Interest Group whose charter was approved in January 2018. The functions of the Audiovisual Core Maintenance Group are described in detail in Section 2 of the TDWG Vocabulary Maintenance Specification. In brief, the Maintenance Group manages vocabulary term additions and changes, and maintains the documentation that helps users to understand and apply the standard. As an Interest Group, it may establish Task Groups to accomplish broader changes to the standard. The Maintenance Group generally meets on the third Wednesday of the month.

Core Members of the AC Maintenance Group

Currently, core members of the group are:

Ed Baker - Natural History Museum, London, UK (Convener) - [email protected]

Steve Baskauf - Vanderbilt University Jean & Alexander Heard Library - [email protected]

Douglas Boyer -Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Director of MorphoSource open access 3D repository - [email protected]

Niels Klazenga - Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria - [email protected]

Rebecca Snyder - Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History - [email protected]

Dan Stowell - Tilburg University and Naturalis Biodiversity Centre - [email protected]

Kate Webbink - Field Museum of Natural History - [email protected]

To see all of the people who are paying attention to our work, see the list of "watchers". The people on this list are effectively the "regular members" of the group.

The Maintenance Group would like to recognize Robert A. Morris who passed away in 2021. Bob can be considered the "father of Audiovisual Core" and led the task group through the development and process of ratifying of the standard. Thanks, Bob, for your vision and leadership!

Task Groups

In the TDWG Process for creating and modifying standards, Task Groups are formed to create particular deliverables of interest to an Interest Group. As an Interest Group, the Audiovisual Core Maintenance Group periodically establishes Task Groups.

We have chartered a 3D Imagery and Data Task Group (3DTG) to look at possible additions to Audiovisual Core for describing 3D images. For more information, see the Task Group's home page. If you are interested in the work of this group, contact its convener, Doug Boyer.

We have also chartered a Views Controlled Vocabularies task group to create controlled vocabularies for ac:subjectPart and ac:subjectOrientation. For more information, see the Task Group's home page. If you are interested in the work of this group, contact its convener, Steve Baskauf.

Participating in the Maintenance Group

If you would like to participate in this group, contact the convener or one of the core members.

To participate in the communication system of the group, "watch" the group's Issues tracker. This issues tracker is the mechanism for suggesting specific changes to the standard as well as to raise issues for discussion by the group.

Maintenance Group Meetings

The Maintenance Group meets via Zoom, usually at 17:00 UTC, on the third Wednesday of the month. These meetings are open to anyone interested in joining; please contact the convenor for the Zoom link. Next meeting agenda.

Policies

Policies established by the Maintenance Group are listed here. Please note that the policy document is not included with the Audiovisual Core Standard and is therefore not subject to any standards-related processes requiring public comment, Executive Committee approval, etc. Rather, the policies are established through consensus of the Maintenance Group, in consultation (when necessary) with the Technical Architecture Group.

Documentation

Examples guide for Still Images

stub Examples guide for Sound

Regions of Interest (ROI) recipes document

To see what issues we are currently addressing, see our Issue Tracker.

For notes of Maintenance group meetings and other historical documents, see this page. To see what we've been working on in the past, see the list of closed issues

For the details of most of the documents in this repo, see the diagram below.

Repo structure

The repository structure is described below.

├── README.md             : Description of this repository
├── license.md            : Repository license
├── policies.md           : Audiovisual Core maintenance policies
│
├── docs                  : Standards documents live here.  However, do not hyperlink to them here because they are rendered as HTML at https://tdwg.github.io/ac/.
│   ├── _config.yml       : Jekyll configuration file
│   ├── introduction.md   : Brief introduction to the standard
│   ├── structure.md      : Describes the structure of Audiovisual Core
│   ├── termlist.md       : AC Term List, including normative definitions. DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY!
│   ├── guide.md          : More detailed user guide
│   ├── 04_AudubonCore1.0NonNormative_docV1.95.doc     : version 1.95 of the reference guide
│   └── assets            : subdirectories contain stuff for Jekyll operation
│       └── images        : directory for images used in the documents
│
├── code
│   ├── build_page.py               : Build script to generate termlist.md
│   ├── http_library.py             : Function library used by build_page.py
│   ├── termlist-header.md          : Manually-edited header section to which the generated term list is appended
│   ├── termlist-footer.md          : Manually-edited footer section (currently empty) to be appended to the generated term list
│   └── pandoc-conversion-notes.txt : Notes on conversion from mediawiki
│
├── historical                         : Documents of historical interest
│   ├── README.md                      : Contents of this directory
│   ├── RecordOfPublicReview.md        : Summary of public comment period during the adoption of the standard
│   ├── ac-20yy-annual-report.md       : 20yy report to the Executive Committee
│   └── [yyyy-mm-dd]-hangout-notes.pdf : Series of downloaded Google Docs notes from online Maintenance Group meetings
│
├── 3D                                 : Directory to store documents related to proposed 3D task group
│   ├── README.md                      : Homepage of the 3D Imagery and Data Task Group (3DTG)
│   ├── charter_3d_task_group_of_audubon_core_2019-06-11.docx   : Word version of submitted charter
│   ├── charter_3d_task_group_of_audubon_core_2019-06-11.pdf    : PDF version of submitted charter
│   └── proposed-3d-metadata-terms-from-dwc-hour.csv            : notes from Darwin Core hour
│
├── views                              : Directory to store documents related to proposed 3D task group
│   ├── README.md                      : Homepage of the Views Controlled Vocabularies Task Group
│   ├── views-tg-draft-charter-2019-06-25.docx                  : Word version of submitted charter
│   ├── views-tg-draft-charter-2019-06-25.docx.pdf              : PDF version of submitted charter
│   └── background.md                  : background notes
│
└── .gitignore                : Files and directories to be ignored by git

Revised 2022-05-28

ac's People

Contributors

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ac's Issues

Rename "Record-level terms" to "Work-level terms"

I find the term "Record-level terms" to be too generic and non informative. It 
is meant to contrast with "Access-level terms". However, each access level is a 
data record as well. Referring to "record" therefore does not inform the reader 
which level is meant here.

The terms in "Record-level terms" all refer to the production, management, or 
content of a media item. Proposal: use

"Work-level terms" (referring to a work in the sense of the Berne Convention).

I would also be happy with "Content-level terms", highlighting that this is 
about the content of the image or other media, even if this is not fully covers 
all metadata management aspects.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 3 Oct 2012 at 12:26

Serialization Provenance missing

Patrick Sweeney reports a need of the New England Vascular Plants project  to 
represent a checksum in AC data.  

This sounds like a need for some provenance attribute in the Access Point 
Vocabulary.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 26 Feb 2013 at 5:25

Normative document should specify fully qualified (namespace +name) for object of hasServiceAccessPoint

Both the unqualified name and namespace for the object of hasServiceAccess 
Point should be specified in the normative document.

Pros:
1. Users, documenters, and programmers of applications against different 
representation of AC will be less confused.

Cons:
1. Terms have normative Labels and these can fit all the documentation needs.
2. The namespace certainly doesn't matter. It's just a small way to help 
abbreviate long URIs

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 28 Aug 2012 at 5:15

Best practices for crosswalks

A best practices document is needed for suggested mappings between AC and other 
vocabularies.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 15 Jul 2012 at 2:37

missing useful term to broaden the scope of the idea of depiction

1. Provide an ac Term Name or Label. A link to the Normative Term List is
also helpful. This can be easily done at one of the <a ref="http://terms.gb
if.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_(DRAFT_of_1.0_normative)#Vocabulary_Indi
ces" Vocabulary Indices</a>

Missing:
ac:demediation 

2. Describe the defect or lack of clarity you find in the term. If you have
an opinion for a change, please add it here, perhaps with pros and cons.

This is a concept that is missing but would be immensely useful. Discovered 
during the pre-review of the DwC RDF Guide to try to map associatedMedia. In 
the absence of a better term name, ac:demediation (modelled on 
foaf:depiction)would enable media other than images to take advantage of the 
concept of embodied in foaf:depiction, which can't be used for anything other 
than an image.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 29 Mar 2013 at 11:22

RDF generated from data for Term List

Generate trivial RDF directly from the input to 
http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 23 Aug 2012 at 7:08

dcterms:extent is insufficient

dcterms:extent permits strings that require parsing. Should something else be 
supported as well?


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 1 Oct 2012 at 10:39

  • Blocking: #81

should ac:metadataLanguage camel case match xap:MetadataDate

It's more traditional to start camel case property names with lower case, but 
there is no choice for xap:MetadataDate since Adobe XAP specified it.
We should follow that for ac:metadataLanguage

Pros: 
1. Easier to remember camel case of xap:MetadataDate if it matches the required 
 metadata language tag. 

Cons: 
1. metadata language tag would be the only ac native term not following 
traditional.  If all of them are changed, there might still be conflicts with 
other terms' camel case. 
2. tags are generally machine generated, so any confusion has to only be 
resolved once.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 27 Aug 2012 at 8:11

Normative documents should appear on a single wiki page

There are two normative documents, 
http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_(1.0_normative) and 
http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_(DRAFT_of_1.0_normative)

They might profitably be merged.

Pros: The former explains some subtle points of the latter.

Cons: A merger makes the Term List document even longer than it is now. A 
merger adds material that is mainly about special, subtle, points that most 
readings of the Term List will not stumble upon.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 12 Oct 2012 at 4:13

Adopt Audubon Core 1.0

Adopt Audubon Core 1.0

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 20 Nov 2011 at 4:52

  • Blocked on: #6

Guidance about location of camera vs subject?

For natural scenes, should any guidance be given n the Geography Vocabulary 
about the location of the camera vs the location of the scene? For distant 
scenes these might be quite different.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 14 Oct 2012 at 8:32

Terms to capture the funding source of a digitization effort

1. Provide an ac Term Name or Label. new term

2. Describe the defect or lack of clarity you find in the term. Comment from 
Andréa Matsunaga: "A couple of auxiliary terms also identified in iDigBio, are 
terms to capture the funding source of the digitization effort. Would it be 
possible to add such terms?" iDigBio media terms: http://tinyurl.com/MISC-Media 

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 3 Apr 2013 at 8:41

Term list Internal "cross references" are to Labels, should perhaps be to term names.

1. Whenever term documentation refers to another term, it does so by label, not 
name. Would name be easier to find? Easier to internalize when reading the 
documentation?

2. It might be helpful, and perhaps make the issue moot, if documentation 
carried hyperlinks when referring to other terms.  Both the name and label are 
easily hyper-linked as shown by the two index sets near the top of the Term 
List.  However, it might be a consequential task to set those links.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 22 Nov 2012 at 5:19

Eliminate IPTC Geography terms

Given that we now accept all DwC geography terms, we should eliminate the IPTC 
geography terms.

Pros:
1. They are redundant.
2. If used, they may still in practice have to be mapped to DwC geography 
terms, especially by consuming agents

Cons:
1. In a few cases they are somewhat richer

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 27 Aug 2012 at 8:49

Native Terms should be compliant with R10 of the TDWG GUID Recommendations

Recommendation R10 of the TDWG GUID Applicability Statement carries:

"R10. The default metadata response format should be RDF serialized as XML.
If no format is specified in a resolution request, then GUID authorities should 
return information in RDF format by default. Other formats may be returned if 
supported by the provider. This ensures the default metadata for an object is 
compatible with semantic web technologies and can be used for semantic analysis 
and inference.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 4 Dec 2012 at 3:06

IPTC terms should continue to be used from the IPTC Extension

IPTC terms used in AC are from the IPTC Extension, but most have a definition 
in the IPTC Core namespace also. We should continue to use those in the 
extension.

As an example, see <a 
href="http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_(DRAFT_of_1.0_normative)
#xmpRights:Owner">xmpRights:Owner</a>

Pros:

<a 
href="http://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata-201
007_1.pdf">The IPTC document</a> carries this advice on page 11:

(legacy) appended to a property name<br>>
This suffix is used if the IPTC Extension provides a better solution to 
annotate the information about an image than the IPTC Core does. In this case, 
the IPTC recommends to phase out the use of the (legacy)-marked property and to 
move towards using the IPTC Extension. See the notes on this matter in the 
particular specification table.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 21 Nov 2012 at 3:33

Include LTER Datasets Controlled Vocabulary in notes

1. Iptc4xmpExt:CVterm. 
http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_%28DRAFT_of_1.0_normative%29#I
ptc4xmpExt:CVterm

2. Consider adding A Controlled Vocabulary for LTER Datasets 
(http://databits.lternet.edu/spring-2010/controlled-vocabulary-lter-datasets ) 
to Notes of the Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:CVterm 

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 25 Mar 2013 at 1:55

associatedObservationReference should be deprecated

associatedObservationReference seems to duplicate the functionality of 
dwc:BasisOfRecord which should be adopted instead.

Pros:

Cons:


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 14 Oct 2012 at 8:49

add the ac: designation to audubon core term names

Bob explains: "Also, we follow DwC in having no prefix in the names of native 
AC terms."

I always found and still find that totally confusing. In the context of the 
cross-reference issue, I think this even more. 

The result of dwc's decision is that when AC refers to an Darwincore term name, 
this term name does not exist in Dwc. The user has to understand that in dwc, 
the term name changes.

I think we should not continue this in AC and we should add "ac:" in front of 
the audubon core names.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 22 Nov 2012 at 10:44

Term list representation needed on this project

In order to link issues to terms, we need a representation on the google code 
wiki of the [http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List Audubon Core 
Term List]

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 20 Nov 2011 at 4:17

Permalinks for terms

We need permalinks for terms. Is the rs.tdwg.org/ac/* enough?

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 21 Nov 2011 at 6:13

derivedFrom should be replaced by prov:wasDerivedFrom

The W3 Provenance Ontology PROV-O is nearing Recommendation stage. Should AC us 
prov:wasDerivedFrom instead of minting a new term?

Pros: new terms ultimately have to be mapped to standards. We should start with 
the standard.

Cons: prov:wasDerivedFrom is the only term from prov (for now).


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 14 Oct 2012 at 8:46

Terms list should be reorganized by Layers

The job of implementers and readers could be eased if the normative document is 
split into Layer 1 and Layer 2 (or whatever the layers are named) documents (at 
least separated sections).

Pros: easier to know what the layers are

Cons: hard to know which Layer 2 terms may have terms that add nuance to one or 
another Layer 1 term.


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 12 Oct 2012 at 4:08

Address Public Comments

Address Public Comments and submit to TDWG EC


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 21 Nov 2011 at 5:12

  • Blocking: #3

In RDF, should SKOS be used for ac:layer

In the trivial RDF rendering at 
http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_RDF_Version, the layer is 
represented as an ac term.  Should it be rendered as a SKOS property instead?

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 1 Oct 2012 at 2:03

In RDF use SKOS for Comment and Details fields

http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_RDF_Version should perhaps 
use SKOS instead of rdfs:comment for the Comment and Details fields.


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 23 Aug 2012 at 7:32

Class declarations in RDF rendering

In [http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_RDF_Version | the Term 
List RDF] there are two RDFS Classes defined that are unrelated to the 
[http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List | normative document], which 
has no notion of Class.] Should the normative document take a position on 
whether implementations that do have classes or types use a specific name space?

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 23 Aug 2012 at 7:27

Layer names should be improved

As of this writing, Gregor and I have changed the usage "Core Layer" and 
"Extended Layer" to "Layer 1" and "Layer 2" because "Audubon Core Core" is 
clumsy. Nevertheless, these seem inadequately descriptive and perhaps do not 
carry the idea that a simple implementation might only be of Layer 1 terms.




Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 12 Oct 2012 at 4:04

Request clarification in documentation regarding how terms apply to individual resources vs. collections

1. Provide an ac Term Name or Label. This applies to all terms which might 
reasonably be applied to both multimedia resources and multimedia collections 
but which don't specify how they apply to each, e.g. xmp:CreateDate

2. Describe the defect or lack of clarity you find in the term. 

'AC is defined as "a set of vocabularies designed to represent metadata for 
biodiversity multimedia resources and collections". While many terms have some 
guidance on how the term applies (or not) to a "multimedia resource" vs. 
"multimedia collections", not all terms display that guidance (e.g., 
xmp:CreateDate). I imagine that the larger a collection becomes, the harder it 
is to have a single value for most of the terms (e.g., dcterms:rights, 
ac:captureDevice, ac:providerID). Would it be possible for each term to display 
information on its applicability to "multimedia resource" vs. "multimedia 
collections", e.g. when to use repeatability of terms for describing 
collections?'  Quote from email from Andréa Matsunaga <[email protected]> 

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 3 Apr 2013 at 8:12

term for MD5 checksum for each image variant

1. Provide an ac Term Name or Label. ac:variant 
(http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_%281.0_normative%29#Variant )

2. Describe the defect or lack of clarity you find in the term. Comment from 
Andréa Matsunaga <[email protected]>: "Another important term for iDigBio 
is MD5 checksum for each variant. This allows users retrieving an object to 
automatically verify the integrity of the object. Would it be possible to add 
such a term for each access point?"

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 3 Apr 2013 at 8:38

Capitalization in documents may be inconsistent

In documentation in the term list sometimes the Label, which is usually 
capitalized, and sometimes the term name is used. The latter is rarely 
capitalized except when the term is borrowed from another vocabulary which 
capitalizes the term name. References to a term should always be by its name, 
not its English label.

If the term name needs to stand out, it should probably be italicized.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 14 Oct 2012 at 8:59

There should be normative URI for the type for the object of hasServiceAccesspoint

In http://species-id.net/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_RDF_Version there is a 
class for the objects of hasServiceAccessPoint, but in general the normative 
Term List is free of any notion of classes.  Nevertheless, there should be a 
standardized namespace and type name for constructing URI references for 
"objects" of hasServiceAccessPoint.

Pros:
1. It could uniformize documentation of implementations of AC
2. It could make mapping between implementation more transparent.

Cons:
1. It's a needless constraint.  Documentation of implementations would normally 
be targeted at people who are sophisticated about namespace. 
2. It's conceivable that some implementers may have underlying reasons for 
controlling both the name and namespace of the "class" of such objects.

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 28 Aug 2012 at 2:05

Support links into AC documentation from borrowed URIs

Figure out how to support  applications that can take a URI and make a 
resolution to the corresponding AC documentation instead of the standard http 
dereferencing. The latter normally goes native documentation when the term is 
in a borrowed namespace.

Probably this could be supported in rdf with an rdfs:comment term containing 
the URL of the wiki entry for the term.  But it remains for the application to 
interpret this, and it might require AC implementors to deal with it. Just 
putting it in RDF probably won't help, e.g. an XML-Schema implementation.


Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 15 Jul 2012 at 12:56

  • Blocking: #16

Darwin Core Geography Terms not represented in trivial RDF

The trivial RDF at 
http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/Audubon_Core_Term_List_RDF_Version is silent on the 
representation of the DwC Geography terms included by reference in the Term 
List 
http://terms.gbif.org/w/index.php?title=Audubon_Core_Term_List_(DRAFT_of_1.0_nor
mative

Original issue reported on code.google.com by morris.bob on 14 Oct 2012 at 8:27

Specifying documented evidence of taxa, multiple taxa, and relationships among multiple taxa

1. possibly ncd:taxonCoverage, dwc:scientificName, dcterms:description

2. Comment from Rob Stevenson: "Let's say I have a picture of a leaf with holes 
in it.  Is there a way to specify the taxon of the leaf and the taxon of the 
insect that made the holes.  Caterpillar species A eats Plant leaf Species B? 
If I know that caterpillar only made that shape hole when it was parasitized 
can I also specify the taxon of the parasite?  Another leaf example would be 
lichens and liverworts that colonize leaves.  One might be over growing another?

In general I would like to specific multiple taxa and relationships among the 
taxa in the image or movie, etc"

Comment from Alexey Zinovjev: "How would I record most of my sawfly photos:  
which are usually not sawflies [adults or larvae] themselves but their galls, 
mines, 'holes in leaves' (sometimes, by their shape, I can precisely identify 
species produced it), etc., etc.  People will photograph nests, animal's 
traces, record bird songs, but how such media would be tracked?  It seems to be 
a very common situation."

Original issue reported on code.google.com by [email protected] on 25 Mar 2013 at 2:01

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